Kuwonongeka ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimayambitsavalavukuwonongeka. Chifukwa chake, muvalavuchitetezo, ma valve anti-corrosion ndi nkhani yofunika kuiganizira.
Vavumawonekedwe a dzimbiri
Kuwonongeka kwazitsulo kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala ndi electrochemical corrosion, ndipo kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zopanda zitsulo nthawi zambiri kumabwera chifukwa cha zochita zachindunji komanso zakuthupi.
1. Kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala
Pazifukwa zomwe palibe panopa zomwe zimapangidwira, sing'anga yozungulira imakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi zitsulo ndikuziwononga, monga kuwononga zitsulo ndi mpweya wouma wotentha kwambiri komanso wopanda electrolytic solution.
2. Galvanic dzimbiri
Chitsulocho chimakhudzana ndi electrolyte, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma electron ayende, omwe amadzipangitsa kuti awonongeke ndi electrochemical action, yomwe ndiyo njira yaikulu ya dzimbiri.
Common acid-base salt solution, dzimbiri mumlengalenga, dzimbiri nthaka, dzimbiri madzi a m'nyanja, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono dzimbiri, pitting dzimbiri ndi mpata dzimbiri zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, etc., zonse ndi electrochemical dzimbiri. Electrochemical corrosion sikuti imangochitika pakati pa zinthu ziwiri zomwe zimatha kuchita nawo mankhwala, komanso zimapanga kusiyana komwe kungachitike chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwa yankho, kusiyanasiyana kwa mpweya wozungulira, kusiyana pang'ono pamapangidwe azinthu, ndi zina zambiri, ndikupeza mphamvu ya dzimbiri, kotero kuti chitsulo chokhala ndi mphamvu zochepa komanso malo owuma adzuwa atayika.
Mavavu dzimbiri
Mlingo wa dzimbiri ukhoza kugawidwa m'magulu asanu ndi limodzi:
(1) Zosachita dzimbiri: kuchuluka kwa dzimbiri ndi zosakwana 0.001 mm/chaka
(2) Kusamva dzimbiri kwambiri: kuchuluka kwa dzimbiri 0.001 mpaka 0.01 mm/chaka
(3) Kukana kwa dzimbiri: kuchuluka kwa dzimbiri 0.01 mpaka 0.1 mm/chaka
(4) Kulimbana ndi dzimbiri: mlingo wa dzimbiri 0.1 mpaka 1.0 mm/chaka
(5) Kulephera kwa dzimbiri: kuchuluka kwa dzimbiri 1.0 mpaka 10 mm/chaka
(6) Osachita dzimbiri: kuchuluka kwa dzimbiri ndi kwakukulu kuposa 10 mm/chaka
Njira zisanu ndi zinayi zothana ndi dzimbiri
1. Sankhani zinthu zolimbana ndi dzimbiri malinga ndi sing'anga yowononga
Pakupanga kwenikweni, kuwonongeka kwa sing'anga kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, ngakhale zinthu za valve zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mofananamo ndizofanana, ndende, kutentha ndi kupanikizika kwa sing'anga ndizosiyana, ndipo kuwonongeka kwa sing'anga kuzinthu sikufanana. Pakuwonjezeka kulikonse kwa 10°C kutentha kwapakatikati, dzimbiri zimawonjezeka pafupifupi 1-3 nthawi.
Kuphatikizika kwapakati kumakhudza kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa zinthu za valve, monga kutsogolera kuli mu sulfuric acid ndi ndende yaing'ono, zowonongeka zimakhala zochepa kwambiri, ndipo pamene ndende imadutsa 96%, dzimbiri zimakwera kwambiri. Mpweya wa carbon, m'malo mwake, uli ndi dzimbiri lalikulu kwambiri pamene ndende ya sulfuric acid ili pafupi 50%, ndipo pamene ndende imawonjezeka kufika pa 60%, dzimbiri zimachepa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, zotayidwa ndi dzimbiri mu anaikira nitric asidi ndi ndende oposa 80%, koma kwambiri dzimbiri mu sing'anga ndi otsika woipa wa nitric asidi, ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kugonjetsedwa ndi kuchepetsa nitric asidi, koma kuipiraipira mu oposa 95% anaikira nitric asidi.
Kuchokera pazitsanzo zomwe zili pamwambazi, zikhoza kuwoneka kuti kusankha koyenera kwa zipangizo za valve kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa pazochitika zenizeni, kusanthula zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhudza zowonongeka, ndikusankha zipangizo molingana ndi zolemba zoyenera zotsutsana ndi zowonongeka.
2. Gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zopanda zitsulo
Kukana kwazitsulo zopanda zitsulo ndi zabwino kwambiri, malinga ngati kutentha ndi kupanikizika kwa valavu kumakwaniritsa zofunikira za zinthu zopanda zitsulo, sikungathe kuthetsa vutoli, komanso kupulumutsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Thupi la valve, boneti, lining, kusindikiza pamwamba ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri zopanda zitsulo zimapangidwa.
Pulasitiki monga PTFE ndi chlorinated polyether, komanso mphira wachilengedwe, neoprene, mphira wa nitrile ndi mphira zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo za valve, ndipo thupi lalikulu la boneti la thupi la valve limapangidwa ndi chitsulo choponyedwa ndi carbon steel. Sizimangotsimikizira mphamvu ya valavu, komanso zimatsimikizira kuti valavu siiwonongeka.
Masiku ano, mapulasitiki ochulukirapo monga nayiloni ndi PTFE amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo mphira wachilengedwe ndi mphira wopangira amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo osiyanasiyana osindikizira ndi mphete zosindikizira, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zosiyanasiyana. Zida zopanda zitsulo izi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo osindikizira sizimangokhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri, komanso zimakhala ndi ntchito yabwino yosindikiza, yomwe ili yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazofalitsa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Zoonadi, iwo sakhala amphamvu komanso osagwirizana ndi kutentha, ndipo mndandanda wa ntchito ndi wochepa.
3. Metal pamwamba mankhwala
(1) Kulumikizana kwa ma valve: Nkhono yolumikizira ma valve nthawi zambiri imathandizidwa ndi galvanizing, chrome plating, ndi oxidation (buluu) kuti athe kukana mlengalenga ndi mlengalenga. Kuphatikiza pa njira zomwe tafotokozazi, zomangira zina zimathandizidwanso ndi mankhwala apamtunda monga phosphating malinga ndi momwe zilili.
(2) Kusindikiza pamwamba ndi magawo otsekedwa okhala ndi mainchesi ang'onoang'ono: njira zapamtunda monga nitriding ndi boronizing zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo kukana kwa dzimbiri ndi kukana kuvala.
(3) tsinde odana ndi dzimbiri: nitriding, boronization, chrome plating, faifi tambala plating ndi njira zina pamwamba mankhwala chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha kukana dzimbiri, kukana dzimbiri ndi kukana abrasion.
Osiyana pamwamba mankhwala ayenera kukhala oyenera zipangizo zosiyanasiyana tsinde ndi malo ntchito, mu mlengalenga, madzi nthunzi sing'anga ndi asibesitosi atanyamula kukhudzana tsinde, angagwiritse ntchito zolimba chrome plating, mpweya nitriding ndondomeko (zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri sayenera kugwiritsa ntchito ion nitriding ndondomeko): mu hydrogen sulfide mumlengalenga ntchito electroplating mkulu phosphorous faifi tambala ntchito; 38CrMOAIA imathanso kugonjetsedwa ndi ion ndi mpweya wa nitriding, koma zokutira zolimba za chrome sizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito; 2Cr13 akhoza kukana dzimbiri ammonia pambuyo kuzimitsa ndi kutentha, ndi mpweya zitsulo ntchito nitriding mpweya angathenso kukana dzimbiri ammonia, pamene onse phosphorous-nickel plating zigawo si kugonjetsedwa ndi dzimbiri ammonia, ndi mpweya nitriding 38CrMOAIA zakuthupi ali kwambiri dzimbiri kukana ntchito ndi valavu zambiri zimatheka ntchito ndi kumvetsa bwino valavu.
(4) Thupi laling'ono la valavu ndi gudumu lamanja: Nthawi zambiri limakutidwa ndi chromium kuti lizitha kukhazikika komanso kukongoletsa valavu.
4. Kupopera mbewu kwa matenthedwe
Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mtundu wa njira yokonzekera zokutira, ndipo yakhala imodzi mwamaukadaulo atsopano oteteza zinthu padziko lapansi. Ndi pamwamba kulimbikitsa ndondomeko njira ntchito mkulu mphamvu kachulukidwe kutentha magwero (gasi kuyaka lawi, arc magetsi, plasma arc, Kutentha magetsi, kuphulika kwa mpweya, etc.) kutentha ndi kusungunula zitsulo kapena zinthu sanali zitsulo, ndi utsi kuti pretreated mfundo pamwamba mu mawonekedwe a atomization kupanga ❖ kuyanika kutsitsi, kapena kutentha pamwamba pa nsonga ya pamwamba, kotero kuti kutentha pamwamba pa nsonga yotentha ndi yotentha pamwamba. gawo lapansi kupanga pamwamba kulimbikitsa ndondomeko kutsitsi kuwotcherera wosanjikiza.
Zitsulo zambiri ndi aloyi awo, zitsulo okusayidi ziwiya zadothi, cermet composites ndi zolimba zitsulo mankhwala akhoza TACHIMATA pa zitsulo kapena sanali zitsulo gawo lapansi ndi njira imodzi kapena zingapo matenthedwe kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, amene angathe kusintha kukana dzimbiri pamwamba, kuvala kukana, kutentha kukana ndi katundu wina, ndi kutalikitsa moyo utumiki. Matenthedwe kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa wapadera zinchito ❖ kuyanika, ndi kutchinjiriza kutentha, kutchinjiriza (kapena mphamvu magetsi), grindable chisindikizo, kudzikonda mafuta, cheza matenthedwe, electromagnetic kutchinga ndi zina zapadera, ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa matenthedwe akhoza kukonza mbali.
5. Utsi penti
Kupaka ndi njira yotsutsana ndi dzimbiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri choletsa dzimbiri komanso chizindikiritso pazinthu zama valve. Kupaka kumakhalanso zinthu zopanda zitsulo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi utomoni wopangidwa, mphira slurry, mafuta a masamba, zosungunulira, ndi zina zotero, zophimba pamwamba pazitsulo, kupatulapo sing'anga ndi mlengalenga, ndikukwaniritsa cholinga cha anti-corrosion.
Zovala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'madzi, madzi amchere, madzi a m'nyanja, mlengalenga ndi malo ena omwe sakhala owononga kwambiri. Mkatikati mwa valavu nthawi zambiri amapaka utoto wa anticorrosive kuteteza madzi, mpweya ndi zinthu zina kuti zisawononge valavu.
6. Onjezani corrosion inhibitors
Njira yomwe ma corrosion inhibitors amawongolera dzimbiri ndikuti imathandizira kufalikira kwa batri. Corrosion inhibitors amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu media ndi ma fillers. Kuwonjezera dzimbiri zoletsa kwa sing'anga akhoza kuchepetsa dzimbiri zipangizo ndi mavavu, monga chromium-nickel zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri mu mpweya wopanda mpweya sulfuric asidi, lalikulu solubility osiyanasiyana mu dziko kutentha, dzimbiri ndi woopsa, koma kuwonjezera pang'ono mkuwa sulfate kapena asidi nitric ndi zina kusandulika zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo zotayirira, ndi zina zotero. filimu yoteteza kuteteza kukokoloka kwa sing'anga, mu hydrochloric acid, ngati kuwonjezeredwa kwa okosijeni pang'ono, dzimbiri la titaniyamu likhoza kuchepetsedwa.
Kuyesa kwa ma valve nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sing'anga yoyesera kuthamanga, komwe ndikosavuta kuyambitsa dzimbirivalavu, ndi kuwonjezera pang'ono sodium nitrite m'madzi kungalepheretse dzimbiri valavu ndi madzi. Kupaka asibesitosi kumakhala ndi chloride, yomwe imawononga tsinde la valavu kwambiri, ndipo chloride yokhutira imatha kuchepetsedwa ngati njira yotsuka m'madzi yotenthetsera ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma njirayi ndi yovuta kwambiri kuigwiritsa ntchito, ndipo siyingatchulidwe nthawi zambiri, ndipo ndi yoyenera pazosowa zapadera zokha.
Pofuna kuteteza tsinde la valavu ndi kupewa dzimbiri za kulongedza kwa asibesitosi, mu kulongedza kwa asibesitosi, choletsa dzimbiri ndi nsembe zitsulo TACHIMATA pa tsinde valavu, ndi zoletsa dzimbiri wapangidwa ndi sodium nitrite ndi sodium chromate, amene akhoza kupanga passivation filimu pamwamba pa valavu, kukana valavu ndi kuthetsa chivundikiro cha valavu ndi kusintha valavu. corrosion inhibitor imasungunula pang'onopang'ono ndikuchita gawo lopaka mafuta; Ndipotu, zinki ndi inhibitor ya corrosion, yomwe ingayambe kugwirizanitsa ndi kloride mu asibesitosi, kotero kuti chloride ndi tsinde zitsulo kukhudzana mwayi kuchepetsedwa kwambiri, kuti akwaniritse cholinga odana dzimbiri.
7. Chitetezo cha electrochemical
Pali mitundu iwiri ya chitetezo electrochemical: anodic chitetezo ndi cathodic chitetezo. Ngati zinki zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza chitsulo, zinki zimawonongeka, zinki zimatchedwa chitsulo choperekera nsembe, pochita kupanga, chitetezo cha anode chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mochepa, chitetezo cha cathodic chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Njira yotetezera cathodic iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zazikulu ndi ma valve ofunikira, omwe ndi njira yachuma, yosavuta komanso yothandiza, ndipo zinc imawonjezeredwa ku phukusi la asibesitosi kuti ateteze tsinde la valve.
8. Sungani malo owononga
Zomwe zimatchedwa chilengedwe zimakhala ndi mitundu iwiri yamalingaliro otakata ndi opapatiza, malingaliro otakata a chilengedwe amatanthauza chilengedwe chozungulira malo oyika valavu ndi sing'anga yake yozungulira mkati, ndi chilengedwe chopapatiza chimatanthawuza zomwe zili pafupi ndi malo opangira valve.
Malo ambiri ndi osalamulirika, ndipo njira zopangira sizingasinthidwe mwachisawawa. Pokhapokha ngati sipadzakhala kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala ndi ndondomeko, njira yoyendetsera chilengedwe ingatengedwe, monga deoxygenation ya madzi otentha, kuwonjezera kwa alkali mu ndondomeko yoyenga mafuta kuti asinthe mtengo wa PH, ndi zina zotero.
Mlengalenga ndi wodzaza ndi fumbi, nthunzi yamadzi ndi utsi, makamaka m'malo opangira, monga utsi wa brine, mpweya wapoizoni ndi ufa wabwino wopangidwa ndi zipangizo, zomwe zidzachititsa kuti valavu iwonongeke mosiyanasiyana. Wogwira ntchitoyo ayenera kuyeretsa ndi kuyeretsa valavu nthawi zonse ndikuwonjezera mafuta nthawi zonse malinga ndi momwe akugwiritsira ntchito, yomwe ndi njira yabwino yochepetsera kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. Kuyika chivundikiro choteteza pa tsinde la valavu, kuika chitsime pansi pa valavu, ndi kupopera utoto pamwamba pa valve ndi njira zonse zotetezera zinthu zowononga kuti zisawonongeke.valavu.
Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kozungulira ndi kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya, makamaka kwa zipangizo ndi ma valve pamalo otsekedwa, zidzafulumizitsa dzimbiri lawo, ndipo malo otsegulira ophunzirira kapena mpweya wabwino ndi kuzizira ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito momwe angathere kuti achepetse kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.
9. Kupititsa patsogolo teknoloji yokonza ndi mawonekedwe a valve
Chitetezo cha anti-corrosionvalavundi vuto lomwe laganiziridwa kuyambira pachiyambi cha mapangidwe, ndipo chopangidwa ndi valve chokhala ndi mapangidwe omveka bwino ndi njira yolondola ya ndondomeko mosakayikira zidzakhudza kwambiri kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa valve. Chifukwa chake, dipatimenti yopangira ndi kupanga iyenera kukonza magawo omwe sali omveka bwino pamapangidwe apangidwe, olakwika munjira zamachitidwe komanso zosavuta kuchititsa dzimbiri, kuti azitha kuzisintha kuti zigwirizane ndi zofunikira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yogwirira ntchito.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-22-2025
