I. Mfundo ZosankhaMa Vavu a Gulugufe
1. Kusankha mtundu wa kapangidwe
Valavu ya gulugufe wapakati (mtundu wa mzere wapakati):Chidebe cha valavu ndi diski ya gulugufe ndi zofanana pakati, zokhala ndi kapangidwe kosavuta komanso mtengo wotsika. Kutseka kumadalira chisindikizo chofewa cha rabara. Ndi choyenera pazochitika zomwe kutentha ndi kupanikizika kwabwinobwino komanso palibe zofunikira zokhwima.
Valavu imodzi ya gulugufe yokongola:Chitsinde cha valavu chimachotsedwa pakati pa diski ya gulugufe, kuchepetsa kukangana pakati pa malo otsekera panthawi yogwira ntchito ndikuwonjezera nthawi ya ntchito. Ndi yabwino kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yapakati komanso yotsika yomwe imafuna kutsegula ndi kutseka pafupipafupi.
Valavu ya gulugufe iwiri yosiyana (valavu ya gulugufe yogwira ntchito kwambiri):Chitsinde cha valavu chimachotsedwa pa disc ya gulugufe komanso pakati pa pamwamba pake, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ntchito isasunthike. Nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi kutseka kwachitsulo kapena kophatikizika. Ndikwabwino kwambiri pa malo otentha kwambiri, opanikizika kwambiri, owononga, kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono.
Valavu ya gulugufe yokhala ndi mawonekedwe atatu:Kuphatikiza kusinthasintha kwapadera kawiri ndi chotchingira cha conical chopindika, sichimavuta kukangana kapena kutayikira, komanso sichimavuta kutentha kwambiri komanso sichimavuta kuthamanga kwambiri. Ndibwino kwambiri pa ntchito zovuta (monga nthunzi, mafuta/gasi, malo otenthetsera kwambiri).
2. Kusankha njira yoyendetsera galimoto
Buku la malangizo:pa ma diameter ang'onoang'ono (DN≤200), kupanikizika kochepa, kapena zochitika zosachitika kawirikawiri.
Choyendetsera zida za nyongolotsi:Yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mimba mwake wapakati mpaka waukulu womwe umafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta kapena kuwongolera kayendedwe ka madzi.
Pneumatic/Electric:Kuwongolera kutali, machitidwe odziyimira pawokha, kapena zofunikira pakuzimitsa mwachangu (monga machitidwe a alamu yozimitsa moto, kuzimitsa mwadzidzidzi).
3. Kutseka zipangizo ndi zipangizo
Chisindikizo chofewa (labala, PTFE, ndi zina zotero): chisindikizo chabwino, koma kutentha ndi kukana kuthamanga pang'ono (nthawi zambiri ≤120°C, PN≤1.6MPa). Choyenera madzi, mpweya ndi zinthu zofooka zowononga.
Zisindikizo zachitsulo (chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, carbide yolimba): Kukana kutentha kwambiri (mpaka 600°C), kuthamanga kwambiri, komanso kukana dzimbiri, koma magwiridwe antchito otseka ndi otsika pang'ono poyerekeza ndi zisindikizo zofewa. Zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri mu metallurgy, magetsi, ndi petrochemicals.
Zinthu zomangira thupi: Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo, chitsulo cha kaboni, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chitsulo chosakanikirana, kapena pulasitiki/labala kutengera kuwononga kwa chinthucho.
4. Kupanikizika ndi kutentha:
Ma valve a gulugufe otsekedwa bwino nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa PN10~PN16, ndi kutentha kwa ≤120°C. Ma valve a gulugufe otsekedwa ndi zitsulo okhala ndi magawo atatu amatha kufika pamwamba pa PN100, ndi kutentha kwa ≥600°C.
5. Makhalidwe a Magalimoto
Ngati pakufunika kulamulira kayendedwe ka madzi, sankhani valavu ya gulugufe yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana kapena ofanana a kayendedwe ka madzi (monga, diski yooneka ngati V).
6. Malo oyika ndi njira yoyendetsera kayendedwe ka madzi:Vavu ya gulugufe ili ndi kapangidwe kakang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera mapaipi okhala ndi malo ochepa. Kawirikawiri, palibe zoletsa za kayendedwe ka madzi, koma pa mavavu a gulugufe okhala ndi mawonekedwe atatu, njira yoyendera madzi iyenera kufotokozedwa.
II. Zochitika Zoyenera
1. Kusunga Madzi ndi Njira Zoperekera Madzi ndi Kutulutsa Madzi: Kupereka madzi mumzinda, mapaipi oteteza moto, ndi kukonza zimbudzi: nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma valve a gulugufe ofewa, omwe ndi otsika mtengo komanso otsekeredwa bwino. Pa malo otulutsira mapampu ndi malamulo oyendetsera kayendedwe ka madzi: sankhani zida za nyongolotsi kapena ma valve a gulugufe olamulira magetsi.
2. Mapaipi a Petrochemical ndi gasi wachilengedwe: Ma valve a gulugufe okhala ndi zitsulo zitatu amasankhidwa kuti asamavutike ndi kuthamanga kwambiri komanso kupewa kutuluka kwa madzi. Zinthu zowononga (monga ma acid/alkali): Ma valve a gulugufe okhala ndi fluorine kapena ma valve a alloy osagwira dzimbiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
3. Pa mafakitale amagetsi, makina oyendera madzi, ndi kuyeretsa mpweya wotuluka m'madzi: mavalavu a gulugufe apakatikati kapena awiri okhala ndi mphira. Pa mapaipi a nthunzi (monga makina othandizira zida zamagetsi): mavalavu atatu a gulugufe otsekedwa ndi zitsulo.
4. Makina oyendera madzi ozizira komanso otentha otchedwa HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning): ma valve a gulugufe ofewa oletsa kuyenda kwa madzi kapena oletsa kutuluka kwa madzi.
5. Pa uinjiniya wa m'nyanja ndi mapaipi amadzi a m'nyanja: ma valve a gulugufe achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri awiri osagwira dzimbiri kapena ma valve a gulugufe okhala ndi rabara.
6. Ma valve a gulugufe a chakudya ndi azachipatala (chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chopukutidwa, zolumikizira zolumikizira mwachangu) amakwaniritsa zofunikira zoyera.
7. Fumbi ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagwira ntchito mwapadera: Ma valve a gulugufe olimba komanso osatha kusweka amalimbikitsidwa (monga, ponyamula ufa wa mgodi).
Dongosolo la vacuum: Vacuum yapaderavalavu ya gulugufekuonetsetsa kuti kutseka kukugwira ntchito bwino.
III. Mapeto
TWSsi bwenzi lodalirika la zinthu zapamwamba zokhamavavu a gulugufekomanso ali ndi ukadaulo wambiri komanso mayankho otsimikizika mumavavu a chipata, ma valve owunikirandimavavu otulutsa mpweyaKaya mukufuna kulamulira madzi, timapereka chithandizo cha akatswiri, chokhazikika pa valavu imodzi. Ngati mukufuna mgwirizano kapena mafunso aukadaulo, chonde musazengereze kutilankhulana nafe nthawi iliyonse.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-17-2025
