Kukula kosalekeza kwa makampani opanga ma valve (1967-1978)
01 Chitukuko cha mafakitale chakhudzidwa
Kuyambira mu 1967 mpaka 1978, chifukwa cha kusintha kwakukulu kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu, chitukuko cha makampani opanga ma valve chakhudzidwanso kwambiri. Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi izi:
1. Valavu zotuluka zachepa kwambiri, ndipo khalidwe lachepa kwambiri
2. Valavu dongosolo la kafukufuku wa sayansi lomwe layamba kuoneka lakhudzidwa
3. Zogulitsa za ma valavu opanikizika apakati zimakhalanso za kanthawi kochepa
4. Kupanga ma valve amphamvu kwambiri komanso apakati kosakonzekera kunayamba kuonekera
02 Chitanipo kanthu kuti mutalikitse "mzere waufupi wa valavu"
Ubwino wa zinthu muvalavuMakampani atsika kwambiri, ndipo pambuyo pa kupangidwa kwa zinthu za ma valve amphamvu komanso apakati zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu yochepa, boma likuwona kuti izi ndi zofunika kwambiri. Bungwe Lolamulira la Unduna Woyamba wa Makina linakhazikitsa gulu la ma valve kuti liziyang'anira kusintha kwaukadaulo kwa makampani a ma valve. Pambuyo pofufuza mozama komanso kufufuza, gulu la ma valve linapereka "Lipoti la Maganizo pa Kupanga Miyezo Yopangira Ma Valve Olimba ndi Apakati", lomwe linaperekedwa ku Boma la State Planning Commission. Pambuyo pofufuza, adaganiza zoyika ndalama zokwana 52 miliyoni yuan mumakampani a ma valve kuti achite kusintha kwaukadaulo kuti athetse vuto la kusowa kwakukulu kwa mphamvu zamagetsi amphamvu komanso apakati.mavavu ndipo khalidwe limatsika mwachangu momwe zingathere.
1. Misonkhano iwiri ya Kaifeng
Mu Meyi 1972, Dipatimenti Yoyamba Yoyang'anira Makina inachititsa msonkhano wadziko lonsevalavuMsonkhano wa ntchito zamakampani ku Kaifeng City, m'chigawo cha Henan. Magulu 125 ndi oimira 198 ochokera ku mafakitale 88 a ma valve, mabungwe 8 ofufuza zasayansi ndi mapangidwe, mabungwe 13 a makina a m'maboma ndi m'mizinda ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ena adapezeka pamsonkhanowo. Msonkhanowu udaganiza zobwezeretsa mabungwe awiriwa a makampani ndi netiweki yanzeru, ndipo adasankha Kaifeng High Pressure Valve Factory ndi Tieling Valve Factory kukhala atsogoleri a magulu opanikizika kwambiri komanso otsika motsatana, ndipo Hefei General Machinery Research Institute ndi Shenyang Valve Research Institute ndi omwe adayang'anira ntchito ya netiweki yanzeru. Msonkhanowu udakambirananso ndikufufuza nkhani zokhudzana ndi "kusintha kwatsopano katatu", kukonza mtundu wa malonda, kafukufuku waukadaulo, kugawa zinthu, komanso kupanga ntchito zamakampani ndi zanzeru. Kuyambira pamenepo, ntchito zamakampani ndi zanzeru zomwe zasokonezedwa kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zayambiranso. Njira izi zathandiza kwambiri pakulimbikitsa kupanga ma valve ndikubweza mkhalidwe wanthawi yochepa.
2. Ntchito zokonza ma CV ndi kusinthana chidziwitso
Pambuyo pa Msonkhano wa Kaifeng mu 1972, magulu amakampani adayambiranso ntchito zawo. Panthawiyo, mafakitale 72 okha ndi omwe adatenga nawo gawo mu bungwe la mafakitale, ndipo mafakitale ambiri a ma valve anali asanatenge nawo gawo mu bungwe la mafakitale. Pofuna kukonza mafakitale ambiri a ma valve momwe angathere, chigawo chilichonse chimakonza zochitika zamakampani motsatana. Shenyang High and Medium Pressure Valve Factory, Beijing Valve Factory, Shanghai Valve Factory, Wuhan Valve Factory,Fakitale ya Valavu ya Tianjin, Fakitale ya Gansu High ndi Medium Pressure Valve Factory, ndi Zigong High Pressure Valve Factory ndi omwe ali ndi udindo ku Northeast, North China, East China, Central South, Northwest, ndi Southwest Regions motsatana. Munthawi imeneyi, makampani opanga ma valve ndi ntchito zanzeru zinali zosiyanasiyana komanso zopindulitsa, ndipo zinali zodziwika bwino m'mafakitale. Chifukwa cha chitukuko cha ntchito zamakampani, kusinthana pafupipafupi kwa zokumana nazo, kuthandizana komanso kuphunzirana, sikuti zimangolimbikitsa kusintha kwa khalidwe la malonda, komanso zimawonjezera mgwirizano ndi ubwenzi pakati pa mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kotero kuti makampani opanga ma valve apanga gulu lonse logwirizana, mogwirizana, limodzi. Kupita patsogolo, kuwonetsa malo amphamvu komanso okulirakulira.
3. Chitani "masinthidwe atatu" a zinthu zama valavu
Mogwirizana ndi mzimu wa misonkhano iwiri ya Kaifeng ndi malingaliro a Heavy and General Bureau of the First Ministry of Machinery, General Machinery Research Institute inakonzanso ntchito yayikulu ya "kukonza zinthu zitatu" ndi chithandizo chogwira ntchito kuchokera ku mafakitale osiyanasiyana mumakampani. Ntchito ya "kukonza zinthu zitatu" ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri yaukadaulo, yomwe ndi njira yothandiza yofulumizitsa kusintha kwaukadaulo kwa mabizinesi ndikukweza mulingo wa zinthu za ma valve. Gulu logwira ntchito la "kukonza zinthu zitatu" limagwira ntchito motsatira mfundo za "zabwino zinayi" (zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, zosavuta kumanga, zosavuta kukonza komanso zogwirizana bwino) ndi mfundo za "kugwirizana zinayi" (chitsanzo, magawo ogwirira ntchito, kulumikizana ndi miyeso yonse, magawo wamba). Zomwe zili mu ntchito zili ndi mbali zitatu, imodzi ndikusavuta mitundu yolumikizidwa; ina ndikupanga ndikusintha miyeso yaukadaulo; yachitatu ndikusankha ndikumaliza zinthu.
4. Kafukufuku waukadaulo walimbikitsa chitukuko cha kafukufuku wa sayansi
(1) Kupanga magulu ofufuza zasayansi ndi kumanga maziko oyesera Kumapeto kwa chaka cha 1969, General Machinery Research Institute inasamutsidwa kuchoka ku Beijing kupita ku Hefei, ndipo chipangizo choyambirira choyesera kukana kuyenda kwa madzi chinagwetsedwa, zomwe zinakhudza kwambiri kafukufuku wasayansi. Mu 1971, ofufuza asayansi anabwerera ku gululo mmodzi ndi mmodzi, ndipo labotale yofufuza ma valve inawonjezeka kufika pa anthu oposa 30, ndipo unduna unalamula kuti akonze kafukufuku waukadaulo. Labotale yosavuta inamangidwa, chipangizo choyesera kukana kuyenda kwa madzi chinayikidwa, ndipo makina ena oyesera anapangidwa ndi kupangidwa, ndipo kafukufuku waukadaulo pa malo otsekera ma valve ndi kulongedza anayamba.
(2) Zopambana zazikulu Msonkhano wa Kaifeng womwe unachitika mu 1973 unapanga dongosolo lofufuzira zaukadaulo wamakampani opanga ma valve kuyambira 1973 mpaka 1975, ndipo unapereka mapulojekiti ofufuza ofunikira 39. Pakati pawo, pali zinthu 8 zogwiritsira ntchito kutentha, zinthu 16 zotsekera pamwamba, zinthu 6 zolongedza, chinthu chimodzi cha chipangizo chamagetsi, ndi zinthu 6 zoyeserera ndi magwiridwe antchito. Pambuyo pake, ku Harbin Welding Research Institute, Wuhan Material Protection Research Institute, ndi Hefei General Machinery Research Institute, antchito apadera adasankhidwa kuti akonze ndikuwongolera kuwunika nthawi zonse, ndipo misonkhano iwiri yokhudza magawo oyambira a ma valve okwera ndi apakatikati idachitika kuti ifotokoze zomwe zachitika, kuthandizana ndi kusinthana, ndipo idapanga dongosolo lofufuzira magawo oyambira mu 1976 mu 1980. Kudzera mu khama lonse la makampani onse, zinthu zazikulu zachitika pantchito yofufuza zaukadaulo, zomwe zalimbikitsa chitukuko cha kafukufuku wasayansi mumakampani opanga ma valve. Zotsatira zake zazikulu ndi izi:
1) Kuyika pamwamba pa chotseka. Kafukufuku wa pamwamba pa chotseka cholinga chake ndi kuthetsa vuto la kutuluka kwa madzi mkati mwavalavuPa nthawiyo, zinthu zomangira pamwamba zinali makamaka 20Cr13 ndi 12Cr18Ni9, zomwe zinali ndi kuuma kochepa, kusagwira bwino ntchito, mavuto akuluakulu otuluka mkati mwa zinthu za valve, komanso moyo waufupi wautumiki. Shenyang Valve Research Institute, Harbin Welding Research Institute ndi Harbin Boiler Factory adapanga gulu lofufuza zinthu zitatu. Pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri zogwira ntchito mwakhama, mtundu watsopano wa zinthu zomangira pamwamba pa chrome-manganese (20Cr12Mo8) unapangidwa. Zinthuzo zili ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino. Kukana kukanda bwino, moyo wautali wautumiki, komanso kusakhala ndi nickel komanso chromium yochepa, zinthu zitha kukhazikitsidwa pazanyumba, pambuyo poyesa zaukadaulo, ndizofunika kwambiri pakukweza.
2) Kafukufuku wodzaza. Cholinga cha kafukufuku wolongedza ndi kuthetsa vuto la kutuluka kwa ma valavu. Panthawiyo, kulongedza ma valavu kunali makamaka asbestos yodzazidwa ndi mafuta ndi asbestos ya rabara, ndipo kutseka kwake kunali koyipa, zomwe zinayambitsa kutuluka kwa ma valavu kwambiri. Mu 1967, General Machinery Research Institute inakhazikitsa gulu lofufuza za kutuluka kwa madzi kuti lifufuze mafakitale ena a mankhwala, malo oyeretsera mafuta ndi malo opangira magetsi, kenako linachita kafukufuku wotsutsana ndi dzimbiri pa kulongedza ndi ma valavu.
3) Kuyesa magwiridwe antchito a chinthu ndi kafukufuku woyambira wa chiphunzitso. Pochita kafukufuku waukadaulo,makampani opanga ma valveKomanso adachita mayeso oyeserera magwiridwe antchito azinthu ndi kafukufuku woyambira wa chiphunzitso, ndipo adapeza zotsatira zambiri.
5. Chitani kusintha kwa ukadaulo kwa mabizinesi
Pambuyo pa Msonkhano wa Kaifeng mu 1973, makampani onse adasintha ukadaulo. Mavuto akuluakulu omwe analipo mumakampani opanga ma valve panthawiyo: Choyamba, njirayi inali yobwerera m'mbuyo, kuponyera kunali kopangidwa ndi manja, kuponyera kwa chidutswa chimodzi, ndipo zida zamakina zogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita zinthu zozizira. Izi zili choncho chifukwa mitundu ndi zofunikira za fakitale iliyonse zimabwerezedwanso mopitirira muyeso, ndipo chiwerengerocho ndi chachikulu mdziko lonselo, koma fakitale iliyonse ikagawika, gulu lopanga limakhala laling'ono kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu yopangira. Poyankha mavuto omwe ali pamwambapa, Bungwe Lolamulira la Unduna Woyamba wa Makina linapereka njira zotsatirazi: kukonza mafakitale omwe alipo a ma valve okwera komanso apakatikati, kupanga mapulani ogwirizana, kugawa antchito moyenera, ndikukulitsa kupanga zinthu zambiri; kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba, kukhazikitsa mizere yopanga, ndikugwirizana m'mafakitale ofunikira ndi malo otseguka. Mizere 4 yopanga yopanda kanthu yachitsulo yakhazikitsidwa mu workshop yopanga zitsulo, ndipo mizere 10 yopanga zinthu zozizira yakhazikitsidwa m'mafakitale ofunikira asanu ndi limodzi; ma yuan 52 miliyoni agwiritsidwa ntchito posintha ukadaulo.
(1) Kusintha kwa ukadaulo wokonza kutentha. Mu kusintha kwa ukadaulo wokonza kutentha, ukadaulo monga madzi galasi la chipolopolo cha tidal, mchenga wosungunuka, tidal mold ndi precision casting zatchuka. Kukonza molondola kumatha kupanga machining opanda chip kapena opanda chip. Ndikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chipata, gland yolongedza ndi thupi la valve ndi bonnet ya ma valve ang'onoang'ono, ndi phindu lodziwikiratu lazachuma. Mu 1969, Shanghai Lianggong Valve Factory idagwiritsa ntchito koyamba njira yokonza molondola popanga ma valve, ya PN16, DN50 gate valve body,
(2) Kusintha kwa ukadaulo wogwirira ntchito yozizira Mu kusintha kwa ukadaulo wogwirira ntchito yozizira, zida zapadera zamakina ndi mizere yopangira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani opanga ma valve. Kale mu 1964, fakitale ya Shanghai Valve No. 7 idapanga ndikupanga mzere wopanga ma valve body crawler wa mtundu wa semi-automatic, womwe ndi mzere woyamba wopanga ma valve otsika mphamvu mumakampani opanga ma valve. Pambuyo pake, fakitale ya Shanghai Valve No. 5 idapanga ndikupanga mzere wopanga ma valve otsika mphamvu wa DN50 ~ DN100 ndi bonnet mu 1966.
6. Pangani mitundu yatsopano mwachangu ndikukweza mulingo wa seti zonse
Pofuna kukwaniritsa zosowa za zida zazikulu monga mafuta, makampani opanga mankhwala, magetsi, zitsulo ndi mafakitale a petrochemical, makampani opanga ma valve akupanga zinthu zatsopano mwachangu panthawi yomweyo ya kusintha kwaukadaulo, zomwe zakweza mulingo wofanana wa zinthu zopangira ma valve.
Chidule cha 03
Poganizira za 1967-1978, chitukuko chavalavu Makampani akale adakhudzidwa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kukula kwachangu kwa mafakitale a petroleum, mankhwala, magetsi, zitsulo ndi malasha, ma valve amphamvu komanso apakati akhala "zinthu zanthawi yochepa". Mu 1972, bungwe la makampani opanga ma valve linayamba kuyambiranso ndikuchita ntchito. Pambuyo pa misonkhano iwiri ya Kaifeng, linachita mwamphamvu "kusintha katatu" ndi ntchito yofufuza zaukadaulo, zomwe zinayambitsa kusintha kwa ukadaulo m'makampani onse. Mu 1975, makampani opanga ma valve anayamba kukonza, ndipo kupanga mafakitale kunasintha kwambiri.
Mu 1973, Boma la State Planning Commission linavomereza njira zoyendetsera zomangamanga kuti ziwonjezere kupanga mphamvu yamagetsi ...mavavuPambuyo pa ndalama zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito, makampani opanga ma valve achita kusintha kwakukulu. Kudzera mu kusintha kwa ukadaulo ndi kukwezedwa, ukadaulo wina wapamwamba wagwiritsidwa ntchito, kotero kuti mulingo wa kukonza kozizira m'makampani onse wakwezedwa pamlingo winawake, ndipo mulingo wa makina opangira kutentha wakwezedwa pamlingo winawake. Pambuyo pa kukwezedwa kwa njira yothira ma plasma spray, mtundu wa ma valve okwera ndi apakati wakwezedwa kwambiri, ndipo vuto la "kutuluka kamodzi kochepa ndi kawiri" lakwezedwanso. Ndi kumalizidwa ndi kugwira ntchito kwa mapulojekiti 32 oyesera zomangamanga, makampani opanga ma valve aku China ali ndi maziko olimba komanso kuthekera kwakukulu kopanga. Kuyambira mu 1970, kutulutsa ma valve okwera ndi apakati kwapitilira kukula. Kuyambira mu 1972 mpaka 1975, kutulutsa kunakwera kuchoka pa 21,284t kufika pa 38,500t, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa 17,216t m'zaka 4, kofanana ndi kutulutsa kwapachaka mu 1970. Kutulutsa kwapachaka kwa ma valve otsika mphamvu kwakhala kokhazikika pamlingo wa matani 70,000 mpaka 80,000. Munthawi imeneyi,valavu Makampani opanga zinthu zatsopano apanga zinthu zatsopano mwamphamvu, osati mitundu ya ma valve ogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse okha omwe apangidwa kwambiri, komanso ma valve apadera a malo opangira magetsi, mapaipi, kuthamanga kwambiri, kutentha kochepa komanso mafakitale a nyukiliya, ndege ndi ma valve ena apadera nawonso apangidwa kwambiri. Ngati zaka za m'ma 1960 zinali nthawi ya chitukuko chachikulu cha ma valve ogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse, ndiye kuti zaka za m'ma 1970 zinali nthawi ya chitukuko chachikulu cha ma valve ogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse. Mphamvu yothandizira yapakhomomavavu yasinthidwa kwambiri, zomwe kwenikweni zimakwaniritsa zosowa za chitukuko cha magawo osiyanasiyana a chuma cha dziko.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-04-2022
