Kukula kosalekeza kwa mafakitale a valve (1967-1978)
01 Kukula kwamakampani kumakhudzidwa
Kuchokera ku 1967 mpaka 1978, chifukwa cha kusintha kwakukulu kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu, chitukuko cha mafakitale a valve chakhudzidwanso kwambiri. Ziwonetsero zazikulu ndi izi:
1. Vavu linanena bungwe lakuthwa yafupika, ndi khalidwe kwambiri yafupika
2. Vavu dongosolo la kafukufuku wa sayansi lomwe layamba kupangidwa lakhudzidwa
3. Zopangira ma valve apakati zimakhalanso zazifupi
4. Kupanga kosakonzekera kwa ma valve othamanga kwambiri ndi apakatikati kunayamba kuonekera
02 Chitanipo kanthu kuti mutalikitse "chingwe chachifupi cha valve"
Ubwino wazinthu muvalavumakampani watsika kwambiri, ndipo pambuyo mapangidwe yochepa mkulu ndi sing'anga mankhwala valavu valavu, boma amaona zofunika kwambiri pa izi. The Heavy and General Bureau of the First Ministry of Machinery inakhazikitsa gulu la ma valve kuti likhale ndi udindo wokonza makampani opanga ma valve. Pambuyo pofufuza mozama ndi kufufuza, gulu la valve lidapereka "Lipoti la Malingaliro pa Kupititsa patsogolo Njira Zopangira Zopangira Ma Valves Apamwamba ndi Apakati", omwe adatumizidwa ku State Planning Commission. Pambuyo pa kafukufuku, adaganiza zoyika ndalama zokwana 52 miliyoni za yuan mumakampani opanga ma valve kuti achite kusintha kwaukadaulo kuti athetse vuto la kuchepa kwakukulu kwapakatikati komanso kuthamanga kwambiri.mavavu ndi kutsika kwabwino posachedwa.
1. Misonkhano iwiri ya Kaifeng
Mu May 1972, Dipatimenti Yoyamba Yamakina inachitikira dziko lonsevalavuNkhani yosiyirana yamafakitale ku Kaifeng City, Province la Henan. Okwana mayunitsi 125 ndi oimira 198 kuchokera 88 valavu fakitale, 8 zogwirizana kafukufuku sayansi ndi kamangidwe mabungwe, 13 zigawo zigawo ndi tauni makina maofesi ndi owerenga ena anapezeka pamsonkhano. Msonkhanowo anaganiza zobwezeretsa mabungwe awiri a makampani ndi maukonde anzeru, ndipo anasankha Kaifeng High Pressure Valve Factory ndi Tieling Valve Factory monga atsogoleri a gulu lapamwamba ndi otsika, ndi Hefei General Machinery Research Institute ndi Shenyang Valve Research. Institute anali ndi udindo pa intelligence network ntchito. Msonkhanowo udakambirananso ndikuwerenga nkhani zokhudzana ndi "kusintha kwamakono kutatu", kukonza zinthu zabwino, kafukufuku waukadaulo, kugawa kwazinthu, ndikupanga mafakitale ndi ntchito zanzeru. Kuyambira pamenepo, ntchito zamakampani ndi zanzeru zomwe zasokonezedwa kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zayambiranso. Njirazi zathandizira kwambiri kulimbikitsa kupanga ma valve ndikubwezeretsanso nthawi yayitali.
2. Yambitsaninso ntchito zamagulu amakampani ndikusinthana zidziwitso
Pambuyo pa Msonkhano wa Kaifeng mu 1972, magulu amakampani adayambanso ntchito zawo. Panthawiyo, mafakitale 72 okha adagwira nawo ntchito m'gulu la mafakitale, ndipo mafakitale ambiri a valve anali asanatenge nawo mbali mu bungwe la mafakitale. Pofuna kukonza mafakitale ambiri a valve momwe angathere, dera lililonse limapanga ntchito zamakampani motsatira. Shenyang High ndi Medium Pressure Valve Factory, Beijing Valve Factory, Shanghai Valve Factory, Wuhan Valve Factory,Tianjin Valve Factory, Gansu High and Medium Pressure Valve Factory, ndi Zigong High Pressure Valve Factory ali ndi udindo ku Northeast, North China, East China, Central South, Northwest, and Southwest Regions. Panthawiyi, mafakitale a valve ndi ntchito zanzeru zinali zosiyanasiyana komanso zobala zipatso, ndipo zinali zotchuka kwambiri ndi mafakitale omwe ali m'makampani. Chifukwa cha chitukuko cha ntchito zamakampani, kusinthanitsa zokumana nazo pafupipafupi, kuthandizana komanso kuphunzirana, sizimangolimbikitsa kuwongolera kwazinthu, komanso kumawonjezera mgwirizano ndi ubwenzi pakati pa mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kotero kuti mafakitale a valve apanga mgwirizano wonse. , mogwirizana, kugwirana manja Kupita patsogolo, kusonyeza zochitika zowoneka bwino komanso zokulirapo.
3. Chitani "zosintha zitatu" zama valve
Mogwirizana ndi mzimu wa misonkhano iwiri ya Kaifeng ndi maganizo a Heavy and General Bureau of the First Ministry of Machinery, General Machinery Research Institute inakhazikitsanso ntchito yaikulu ya "ma valve atatu" mothandizidwa ndi magulu osiyanasiyana. mafakitale m'makampani. Ntchito ya "zosintha zitatu" ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri yaukadaulo, yomwe ndi njira yabwino yopititsira patsogolo kusintha kwaukadaulo wamabizinesi ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa zinthu za valve. Gulu logwira ntchito la valve "zosintha zitatu" limagwira ntchito molingana ndi "zabwino zinayi" (zosavuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito, zosavuta kupanga, zosavuta kukonza komanso zofananira bwino) ndi "zolumikizana zinayi" (chitsanzo, magawo a magwiridwe antchito, kulumikizana ndi miyeso yonse, magawo okhazikika ) mfundo. Zomwe zili m'ntchitoyi zimakhala ndi mbali zitatu, imodzi ndiyo kuphweka mitundu yosakanikirana; ina ndiyo kupanga ndi kukonzanso gulu la miyezo yaukadaulo; chachitatu ndi kusankha ndi kutsiriza mankhwala.
4. Kafukufuku wamakono alimbikitsa chitukuko cha kafukufuku wa sayansi
(1) Kupititsa patsogolo magulu a kafukufuku wa sayansi ndi kumanga maziko oyesera Kumapeto kwa 1969, General Machinery Research Institute inasamutsidwa kuchokera ku Beijing kupita ku Hefei, ndipo chipangizo choyambirira choyesa kukana kuthamanga chinagwetsedwa, zomwe zinakhudza kwambiri kafukufuku wa sayansi. Mu 1971, ofufuza asayansi adabwerera ku gululo, ndipo labotale yofufuzira ma valve idakula mpaka anthu opitilira 30, ndipo adalamulidwa ndi unduna kuti akonze kafukufuku waukadaulo. Laboratory yosavuta inamangidwa, chipangizo choyesera kukana kutuluka chinayikidwa, ndipo makina oyesera, kulongedza ndi makina ena oyesera adapangidwa ndi kupangidwa, ndipo kufufuza kwaumisiri pa ma valve osindikiza pamwamba ndi kulongedza kunayamba.
(2) Zopindulitsa zazikulu Msonkhano wa Kaifeng womwe unachitikira ku 1973 unapanga ndondomeko ya kafukufuku waukadaulo wamakampani opanga ma valve kuyambira 1973 mpaka 1975, ndipo adapereka ma projekiti 39 ofunikira. Pakati pawo, pali zinthu 8 zopangira matenthedwe, zinthu 16 zosindikizira pamwamba, zinthu 6 zonyamula, 1 chinthu chamagetsi, ndi zinthu 6 zoyeserera ndi kuyesa magwiridwe antchito. Pambuyo pake, ku Harbin Welding Research Institute, Wuhan Material Protection Research Institute, ndi Hefei General Machinery Research Institute, ogwira ntchito apadera adasankhidwa kuti akonzekere ndikuwongolera zoyendera nthawi zonse, ndipo misonkhano iwiri yogwira ntchito pazigawo zoyambira za mavavu apamwamba ndi apakatikati idachitika. mwachidule zochitika, kuthandizana ndi kusinthanitsa, ndipo anakonza 1976 -Basic mbali kafukufuku dongosolo mu 1980. Kupyolera mu khama onse makampani, kupambana kwakukulu kwapangidwa ntchito kafukufuku luso, amene amalimbikitsa chitukuko cha kafukufuku wa sayansi mu valavu. makampani. Zotsatira zake zazikulu ndi izi:
1) Tack pamtunda wosindikiza. The sealing pamwamba kafukufuku cholinga kuthetsa vuto la kutayikira mkati wavalavu. Panthawiyo, zida zosindikizira zidali makamaka 20Cr13 ndi 12Cr18Ni9, zomwe zinali ndi kuuma pang'ono, kusavala bwino, zovuta zotuluka mkati mwazinthu zama valve, komanso moyo waufupi wautumiki. Shenyang Valve Research Institute, Harbin Welding Research Institute ndi Harbin Boiler Factory anapanga gulu lofufuza lophatikiza katatu. Pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri zogwira ntchito molimbika, mtundu watsopano wa chrome-manganese sealing surface surfacing material (20Cr12Mo8) unapangidwa. Zomwe zili ndi ndondomeko yabwino. Kukana zabwino zokankha, moyo wautali wautumiki, ndipo palibe faifi tambala komanso chromium yocheperako, zida zitha kukhazikitsidwa panyumba, pambuyo pakuwunika kwaukadaulo, ndizofunika kwambiri pakukweza.
2) Kudzaza kafukufuku. Cholinga cha kafukufuku wonyamula katundu ndi kuthetsa vuto la kuvunda kwa valve. Pa nthawiyo, valavu yolongedza inali makamaka ya asibesito wothiridwa ndi mafuta ndi asbestosi wa rabara, ndipo kusindikiza kwake kunali koyipa, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ma valve atayike kwambiri. Mu 1967, bungwe la General Machinery Research Institute linapanga gulu lofufuza za kutayikira kwakunja kuti lifufuze mbewu zina zamafuta, zoyenga mafuta ndi mafakitale amagetsi, kenako ndikuchita kafukufuku woyeserera wa anti-corrosion pakunyamula ndi ma valve.
3) Kuyesa magwiridwe antchito ndi kafukufuku woyambira wazongopeka. Pochita kafukufuku waukadaulo,mafakitale a valveadachitanso mwamphamvu kuyesa magwiridwe antchito ndi kafukufuku woyambira wazongopeka, ndipo adapeza zotsatira zambiri.
5. Kuchita kusintha kwaukadaulo kwamabizinesi
Pambuyo pa msonkhano wa Kaifeng mu 1973, makampani onse adasintha ukadaulo. Mavuto akuluakulu omwe analipo pamakampani opanga ma valve panthawiyo: Choyamba, ndondomekoyi inali yobwerera m'mbuyo, kuponyera kunali kopangidwa ndi manja, kuponyedwa kwachidutswa chimodzi, ndi zipangizo zamakina ogwiritsira ntchito komanso zida zopangira ntchito zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozizira. Ndi chifukwa chakuti mitundu ndi mafotokozedwe a fakitale iliyonse ndi yobwerezedwa mopitirira muyeso, ndipo chiwerengerocho ndi chachikulu m'dziko lonselo, koma pambuyo pa kugawidwa kwa fakitale iliyonse, gulu lopanga limakhala laling'ono kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu yopangira mphamvu. Poyankha mavuto omwe ali pamwambawa, Bungwe la Heavy and General Bureau of the First Ministry of Machinery limapereka njira zotsatirazi: kukonza mafakitale omwe alipo apamwamba ndi apakatikati, kupanga mapulani ogwirizana, kugawanitsa ntchito moyenerera, ndikukulitsa kupanga kwakukulu; kutengera ukadaulo wapamwamba, kukhazikitsa mizere yopangira, ndikuthandizana m'mafakitole ofunikira ndi zomwe zikusowekapo. 4 kuponyedwa zitsulo zopanda kanthu mizere kupanga akhazikitsidwa mu msonkhano kuponyera zitsulo, ndi 10 ozizira processing mizere kupanga zigawo akhazikitsidwa m'mafakitale asanu zofunika; ndalama zokwana 52 miliyoni za yuan zayikidwa pakusintha kwaukadaulo.
(1) Kusintha kwaukadaulo wopangira matenthedwe Pakusintha kwaukadaulo wopangira matenthedwe, matekinoloje monga magalasi amadzi amadzimadzi amadzimadzi amadzimadzi, mchenga wamadzimadzi, nkhungu zam'madzi ndi kuponyera mwatsatanetsatane zadziwika. Kuponyera mwatsatanetsatane kumatha kuzindikira makina opanda chip kapena opanda chip. Ndi yoyenera pachipata, kunyamula gland ndi ma valve thupi ndi bonnet ya mavavu ang'onoang'ono, okhala ndi zopindulitsa zachuma. Mu 1969, Shanghai Lianggong Valve Factory idayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira yolondola yopangira valavu, ya PN16, DN50 chipata cha valve,
(2) Kusintha kwaukadaulo wogwirira ntchito kuzizira Pakusintha kwaukadaulo wogwira ntchito kuzizira, zida zapadera zamakina ndi mizere yopangira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani opanga ma valve. Kumayambiriro kwa 1964, Shanghai Valve No. 7 Factory inapanga ndi kupanga chipata cha valve body crawler mtundu wa semi-automatic kupanga mzere, womwe ndi mzere woyamba wamagetsi otsika kwambiri opangira makina opangira ma valve. Pambuyo pake, Fakitale ya Shanghai Valve No. 5 idapanga ndikupanga mzere wodziwikiratu wodziwikiratu wa DN50 ~ DN100 otsika-pressure globe valve body ndi bonnet mu 1966.
6. Pangani mwachangu mitundu yatsopano ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa seti zonse
Pofuna kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamagulu akuluakulu a zida monga mafuta, makampani opanga mankhwala, magetsi, zitsulo ndi mafakitale a petrochemical, makampani opanga ma valve akupanga mwamphamvu zinthu zatsopano panthawi yomweyi ya kusintha kwaukadaulo, komwe kwathandizira kufananiza. mlingo wa mankhwala vavu.
03 Chidule
Kuyang'ana mmbuyo pa 1967-1978, chitukuko chavalavu nthawi ina yamakampani idakhudzidwa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kukula kwachangu kwa mafuta, mankhwala, mphamvu zamagetsi, zitsulo ndi mafakitale a malasha, ma valve othamanga kwambiri ndi apakatikati akhala "kanthawi kochepa". Mu 1972, bungwe la mafakitale a valve linayamba kuyambiranso ndikugwira ntchito. Pambuyo pamisonkhano iwiri ya Kaifeng, idachita mwamphamvu "zosintha zitatu" komanso ntchito yofufuza zaukadaulo, ndikuyambitsa kusintha kwaukadaulo mumakampani onse. Mu 1975, mafakitale a valve anayamba kukonzanso, ndipo kupanga mafakitale kunasintha.
Mu 1973, State Planning Commission idavomereza njira zopangira zida zowonjezeretsa kupsinjika kwakukulu komanso kwapakatikatimavavu. Pambuyo pa ndalamazo, makampani opanga ma valve asintha. Kupyolera mu kusintha kwaumisiri ndi kukwezedwa, njira zamakono zina zakhala zikuvomerezedwa, kotero kuti mlingo wa kuzizira kwa mafakitale onse wakhala ukuyenda bwino mpaka kufika pamlingo wina, ndipo mlingo wa makina opangira matenthedwe wasinthidwa kufika pamlingo wina. Pambuyo popititsa patsogolo njira yowotcherera yopopera ya plasma, khalidwe la mankhwala a ma valve othamanga kwambiri ndi apakatikati asinthidwa kwambiri, ndipo vuto la "kuthamanga kumodzi ndi kuwiri" kwakhala bwino. Ndikamaliza ndikugwira ntchito kwa ma projekiti 32, mafakitale aku China ali ndi maziko olimba komanso kuthekera kwakukulu kopanga. Kuyambira 1970, kutulutsa kwa ma valve othamanga kwambiri komanso apakatikati kwapitilira kukula. Kuchokera ku 1972 mpaka 1975, zotulukazo zinawonjezeka kuchokera ku 21,284t kufika ku 38,500t, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa 17,216t m'zaka 4, zofanana ndi zomwe zimatuluka pachaka mu 1970. Kutulutsa kwapachaka kwa ma valve otsika kwakhala kokhazikika pamlingo wa 70,000 mpaka matani 80,000. Panthawi imeneyi,valavu mafakitale apanga zinthu zatsopano zatsopano, osati mitundu yambiri ya mavavu omwe apangidwa kwambiri, komanso mavavu apadera opangira magetsi, mapaipi, kuthamanga kwambiri, kutentha kochepa ndi mafakitale a nyukiliya, mlengalenga ndi ma valve ena apadera. kukula kwambiri. Ngati zaka za m'ma 1960 zinali nthawi yachitukuko chachikulu cha ma valve a cholinga chambiri, ndiye kuti zaka za m'ma 1970 zinali nthawi ya chitukuko chachikulu cha ma valve a cholinga chapadera. Mphamvu yothandizira m'nyumbamavavu zakonzedwa bwino, zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zachitukuko zamagulu osiyanasiyana achuma cha dziko.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-04-2022
