Valavu ya chipatandi valavu yodziwika bwino yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osamalira madzi, zitsulo ndi mafakitale ena. Kugwira ntchito kwake kwakukulu kwadziwika ndi msika. Kuphatikiza pa kafukufuku wa valavu ya chipata, idapanganso kafukufuku wozama komanso wosamala kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito ndi kuthetsa mavuto ama valve a chipata.
Apa pali kukambirana kwakukulu pa kapangidwe kake, kagwiritsidwe ntchito, kuthetsa mavuto, kuyang'anira khalidwe ndi zina mwa zinthuzi.mavavu a chipata.
1. Kapangidwe kake
Kapangidwe kavalavu ya chipata: ndivalavu ya chipatandi valavu yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mbale ya chipata ndi mpando wa valavu kuti ilamulire kutsegula ndi kutseka.Valavu ya chipataMakamaka zimakhala ndi thupi la valavu, mpando wa valavu, mbale ya chipata, tsinde la valavu, bonnet, bokosi lodzaza, chipolopolo chopakira, nati ya tsinde, gudumu lamanja ndi zina zotero. Kutengera ndi kusintha kwa malo pakati pa chipata ndi mpando wa valavu, kukula kwa njira kumatha kusinthidwa ndipo njira imatha kudulidwa. Kuti apangevalavu ya chipataNgati yatsekedwa bwino, pamwamba pa mbale yolumikizirana ndi mpando wa valavu ndi pansi.
Malinga ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a kapangidwe kakemavavu a chipata, ma valve a chipata akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: mtundu wa wedge ndi mtundu wofanana.
Chipata cha wedgevalavu ya chipataIli ndi mawonekedwe a wedge, ndipo pamwamba pake potsekera pamapanga ngodya yopingasa ndi mzere wapakati wa njira, ndipo wedge pakati pa chipata ndi mpando wa valavu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti itseke (kutseka). Mbale ya wedge ikhoza kukhala ya nkhosa imodzi kapena ya nkhosa ziwiri.
Malo otsekera a valavu yoyenderana ndi ofanana ndipo ndi olunjika pakati pa njira, ndipo pali mitundu iwiri: yokhala ndi njira yowonjezera komanso yopanda njira yowonjezera. Pali nkhosa ziwiri zokhala ndi njira yofalitsira. Nkhosa ziwiri zikatsika, zidutswa za nkhosa ziwiri zofanana zimafalitsa nkhosa ziwiri pampando wa valavu motsutsana ndi malo otsetsereka kuti zitseke njira yoyendera. Nkhosa zikakwera ndikutseguka, zidutswa ndi zipata zidzalekanitsidwa. Malo ofanana a mbaleyo amalekanitsidwa, mbale ya chipata imakwera kufika kutalika kwina, ndipo wedge imathandizidwa ndi bwana pa mbale ya chipata. Chipata chachiwiri chopanda njira yowonjezera, pamene chipata chimalowa mu mpando wa valavu pamodzi ndi mipando iwiri yofanana, kupanikizika kwa madzi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kukanikiza chipata motsutsana ndi thupi la valavu kumbali yotulukira ya valavu kuti itseke madzi.
Malinga ndi kayendedwe ka tsinde la valavu pamene chipata chatsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa, valavu ya chipata imagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: valavu ya chipata chokwera ndi valavu ya chipata chobisika. Tsinde la valavu ndi mbale ya chipata cha valavu ya chipata chokwera zimakwera ndi kutsika nthawi yomweyo zikatsegulidwa kapena kutsekedwa; valavu ya chipata chobisika ikatsegulidwa kapena kutsekedwa, tsinde la valavu limazungulira lokha, ndipo kukweza kwa tsinde la valavu sikungawonekere, ndipo mbale ya valavu imakwera kapena kutsika. Ubwino wa valavu ya chipata chokwera ndi wakuti kutalika kotseguka kwa njira kumatha kuweruzidwa ndi kutalika kokwera kwa tsinde la valavu, koma kutalika komwe kumakhalapo kumatha kuchepetsedwa. Mukayang'ana gudumu lamanja kapena chogwirira, tembenuzani gudumu lamanja kapena chogwirira mozungulira kuti mutseke valavu.
2. Nthawi ndi mfundo zosankhidwira ma valve a chipata
01. Lathyathyathyavalavu ya chipata
Nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito valavu ya chipata cha slab:
(1) Pa mapaipi amafuta ndi gasi wachilengedwe, valavu yopapatiza yokhala ndi mabowo osinthira nayonso ndi yosavuta kuyeretsa mapaipi.
(2) Mapaipi ndi zida zosungiramo mafuta oyeretsedwa.
(3) Zipangizo zogwiritsira ntchito mafuta ndi gasi wachilengedwe.
(4) Mapaipi okhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapachikidwa.
(5) Paipi yotumizira gasi mumzinda.
(6) Mafakitale a Madzi.
Mfundo yosankha slabvalavu ya chipata:
(1) Pa mapaipi a mafuta ndi gasi, gwiritsani ntchito silabu imodzi kapena ziwirimavavu a chipataNgati kuli kofunikira kuyeretsa payipi, gwiritsani ntchito chipata chimodzi chokhala ndi valavu yotseguka ya chipata chotseguka.
(2) Pa payipi yoyendera ndi zida zosungiramo mafuta oyeretsedwa, valavu ya chipata chathyathyathya yokhala ndi nkhosa imodzi kapena nkhosa ziwiri yopanda mabowo otembenukira imasankhidwa.
(3) Pakuyika madoko otulutsira mafuta ndi gasi wachilengedwe, ma valve a chipata chimodzi kapena awiri okhala ndi mipando yoyandama ndi ndodo yobisika amasankhidwa.
(4) Pa mapaipi okhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapachikidwa, ma valve a chipata chooneka ngati mpeni amasankhidwa.
(5) Pa mapaipi otumizira gasi mumzinda, gwiritsani ntchito ma valve a chipata chimodzi kapena awiri otsekedwa bwino okhala ndi ndodo yokwera.
(6) Pa ntchito za madzi apampopi, ma valve a chipata chimodzi kapena awiri okhala ndi ndodo zotseguka zopanda mabowo otembenukira amasankhidwa.
02. Valavu ya chipata cha wedge
Nthawi zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito valavu ya chipata cha wedge: Pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mavalavu, valavu ya chipata ndiyo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri imangoyenera kutsegula kwathunthu kapena kutseka kwathunthu, ndipo singagwiritsidwe ntchito poletsa ndi kuletsa.
Ma valve a chipata cha wedge nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe palibe zofunikira zokhwima pa kukula kwakunja kwa valavu, ndipo mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito ndi yovuta kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, malo ogwirira ntchito okhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu komanso kuthamanga kwambiri amafuna kuti ziwalo zotsekera zitsimikizike kuti zitsekedwe kwa nthawi yayitali, ndi zina zotero.
Kawirikawiri, zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimafuna kusindikiza kodalirika, kuthamanga kwambiri, kudulidwa kwa kuthamanga kwambiri (kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kuthamanga), kudulidwa kwa kuthamanga kochepa (kusiyana pang'ono kwa kuthamanga), phokoso lochepa, kutsekeka ndi kupopera, kutentha kwapakati, kutentha kochepa (cryogenic), tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito valavu ya chipata cha Wedge. Monga mafakitale amagetsi, kusungunula mafuta, mafakitale a petrochemical, mafuta akunyanja, uinjiniya wamadzi ndi uinjiniya wochizira zimbudzi m'mafakitale amizinda, makampani a mankhwala ndi madera ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Mfundo yosankha:
(1) Zofunikira pa makhalidwe a madzi a valavu. Ma valavu a pachipata amasankhidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito bwino chifukwa ali ndi mphamvu zochepa zoyendera, mphamvu yamphamvu yoyendera, makhalidwe abwino oyendera, komanso zofunikira kwambiri zotsekera.
(2) Kutentha kwambiri ndi mpweya woipa kwambiri. Monga nthunzi yoipa kwambiri, kutentha kwambiri ndi mafuta oipa kwambiri.
(3) Zinthu zotentha pang'ono (cryogenic). Monga ammonia yamadzimadzi, haidrojeni yamadzimadzi, okosijeni yamadzimadzi ndi zinthu zina.
(4) Kupanikizika kochepa komanso mulifupi mwake waukulu. Monga ntchito zamadzi, ntchito zotsukira zinyalala.
(5) Malo oyika: Ngati kutalika kwa malo oyika kuli kochepa, sankhani valavu yobisika ya chipata cha stem wedge; ngati kutalika sikuli kocheperako, sankhani valavu yowonekera ya chipata cha stem wedge.
(6) Ma valve a chipata cha wedge angagwiritsidwe ntchito pokhapokha ngati angagwiritsidwe ntchito potsegula kapena kutseka kwathunthu, ndipo sangagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza ndi kutsekereza.
3. Zolakwika ndi kukonza zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri
01. Zolakwika ndi zomwe zimayambitsamavavu a chipata
Pambuyo pavalavu ya chipataChifukwa cha kutentha kwapakati, kupanikizika, dzimbiri komanso kuyenda kwa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana zolumikizirana, mavuto otsatirawa nthawi zambiri amapezeka.
(1) Kutaya madzi: Pali mitundu iwiri, yomwe ndi kutuluka kwakunja ndi kutuluka kwamkati. Kutaya madzi kupita kunja kwa valavu kumatchedwa kutuluka kwakunja, ndipo kutuluka kwakunja kumapezeka kwambiri m'mabokosi odzaza ndi maulumikizidwe a flange.
Zifukwa zomwe bokosi lodzaza limatayikira: mtundu kapena khalidwe la bokosilo silikukwaniritsa zofunikira; bokosilo likukalamba kapena tsinde la valavu latha; chogwiriracho chatayikira; pamwamba pa tsinde la valavu pakhala pakukanda.
Zifukwa zotayikira pa kulumikizana kwa flange: Kapangidwe kake kapena kukula kwa gasket sikukwaniritsa zofunikira; khalidwe la kukonza pamwamba pa kutseka kwa flange ndi loipa; mabotolo olumikizira sakumangidwa bwino; kasinthidwe ka payipi sikoyenera, ndipo katundu wowonjezera wowonjezera amapangidwa pa kulumikizanako.
Zifukwa za kutayikira kwa mkati mwa valavu: Kutayikira komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutsekedwa kwa valavu ndi kutayikira kwa mkati, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa pamwamba pa valavu kapena muzu wotayikira wa mphete yotsekera.
(1) Kuzimiririka nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha dzimbiri la thupi la valavu, bonnet, tsinde la valavu, ndi pamwamba pa flange. Kuzimiririka kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha ntchito ya medium, komanso kutulutsidwa kwa ayoni kuchokera ku fillers ndi gaskets.
(2) Kukanda: kukanda kapena kukanda kwa pamwamba komwe kumachitika pamene chipata ndi mpando wa valavu zikusuntha motsatira mphamvu inayake yokhudzana.
02. Kusamaliravalavu ya chipata
(1) Kukonza kutuluka kwa valavu yakunja
Mukakanikiza choyikapo, mabotolo a gland ayenera kukhala olinganizidwa kuti gland isagwedezeke ndikusiya mpata woti igwirike. Mukakanikiza choyikapo, tsinde la valavu liyenera kuzunguliridwa kuti choyikapo chozungulira tsinde la valavu chikhale chofanana, ndikuletsa kupanikizika kuti kusakhale kolimba kwambiri, kuti kusakhudze kuzungulira kwa tsinde la valavu, kuwonjezera kuwonongeka kwa choyikapo, ndikufupikitsa nthawi yogwira ntchito. Pamwamba pa tsinde la valavu pamakanda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti choyikapocho chituluke mosavuta. Chiyenera kukonzedwa kuti chichotse mikwingwirima pamwamba pa tsinde la valavu musanagwiritse ntchito.
Ngati gasket yawonongeka, iyenera kusinthidwa; ngati zinthu za gasket sizinasankhidwe bwino, chinthu chomwe chingakwaniritse zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito chiyenera kusankhidwa; ngati khalidwe la kukonza pamwamba pa flange silili bwino, liyenera kuchotsedwa ndikukonzedwa. Malo otsekera a flange amakonzedwanso mpaka atayenerera.
Kuphatikiza apo, kulimbitsa bwino ma bolt a flange, kukonza bwino mapaipi, komanso kupewa katundu wowonjezera pa maulumikizidwe a flange zonse zimathandiza kupewa kutuluka kwa madzi pa maulumikizidwe a flange.
(2) Kukonza kutuluka kwa madzi mkati mwa valavu
Kukonza kutayikira kwa mkati ndiko kuchotsa kuwonongeka kwa pamwamba pa chotsekera ndi muzu wotayikira wa mphete yotsekera (pamene mphete yotsekera yakhazikika pa mbale ya valavu kapena mpando mwa kukanikiza kapena kuyika ulusi). Ngati pamwamba pa chotsekera chakonzedwa mwachindunji pa thupi la valavu ndi mbale ya valavu, palibe vuto la muzu wotayikira ndi kutayikira.
Pamene malo otsekera awonongeka kwambiri ndipo malo otsekera apangidwa ndi mphete yotsekera, mphete yakale iyenera kuchotsedwa ndipo mphete yatsopano yotsekera iyenera kuperekedwa; ngati malo otsekera akonzedwa mwachindunji pa thupi la valavu, malo otsekera owonongeka ayenera kuchotsedwa kaye. Chotsani, kenako pukutani mphete yatsopano yotsekera kapena malo okonzedwawo kukhala malo atsopano otsekera. Ngati mikwingwirima, matumphu, kuphwanya, mabala ndi zolakwika zina pamwamba pa malo otsekera zili zosakwana 0.05mm, zimatha kuchotsedwa pozipera.
Kutayikira kumachitika pamzu wa mphete yotsekera. Mphete yotsekera ikakhazikika pokanikiza, ikani tepi ya tetrafluoroethylene kapena utoto woyera wandiweyani pavalavuPakani chivundikirocho kapena pansi pa mzere wa mphete yotsekera, kenako kanikizani mphete yotsekera kuti mudzaze muzu wa mphete yotsekera; Mphete yotsekera ikayikidwa ulusi, tepi ya PTFE kapena utoto woyera wokhuthala uyenera kuyikidwa pakati pa ulusiwo kuti madzi asatuluke pakati pa ulusiwo.
(3) Kukonza dzimbiri la mavavu
Muzochitika zachizolowezi, thupi la valavu ndi bonnet zimazimiririka mofanana, pomwe tsinde la valavu nthawi zambiri limabowoledwa. Pokonza, zinthu zozimiririka ziyenera kuchotsedwa kaye. Pa tsinde la valavu lomwe lili ndi mabowo obowoledwa, liyenera kukonzedwa pa lathe kuti lichotse kutsekeka, ndikugwiritsa ntchito chodzaza chokhala ndi chotulutsira pang'onopang'ono, kapena kuyeretsa chodzaza ndi madzi osungunuka kuti muchotse chodzaza chomwe chili chovulaza tsinde la valavu.
(4) Kukonza mikwingwirima pamalo otsekera
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito valavu, yesetsani kuti pamwamba pa chotsekeracho pasakandane, ndipo mphamvu yake isakhale yayikulu kwambiri mukatseka valavu. Ngati pamwamba pa chotsekeracho pakandane, mutha kuchichotsa pochipera.
4. Kuzindikiravalavu ya chipata
Mu msika wamakono komanso zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito, chitsulomavavu a chipataamawerengera gawo lalikulu. Monga woyang'anira khalidwe la chinthu, kuwonjezera pa kudziwa bwino kuwunika khalidwe la chinthu, muyeneranso kumvetsetsa bwino za chinthucho.
01. Maziko ozindikira chitsulovalavu ya chipata
Chitsulomavavu a chipataamayesedwa kutengera muyezo wa dziko lonse wa GB/T12232-2005 “Flanged ironmavavu a chipatakwa ma valve wamba.
02. Zinthu zowunikira zachitsulovalavu ya chipata
Makamaka zimaphatikizapo: zizindikiro, makulidwe ochepa a khoma, mayeso okakamiza, mayeso a chipolopolo, ndi zina zotero. Pakati pa izi, makulidwe a khoma, kuthamanga, ndi mayeso a chipolopolo ndi zinthu zofunika kuziyang'anira ndi zinthu zofunika. Ngati pali zinthu zosayenerera, zitha kuweruzidwa mwachindunji ngati zinthu zosayenerera.
Mwachidule, kuwunika khalidwe la chinthu ndiye gawo lofunika kwambiri pakuwunika konse kwa chinthucho, ndipo kufunika kwake kumawonekera. Monga ogwira ntchito yowunikira kutsogolo, tiyenera kulimbitsa khalidwe lathu nthawi zonse, osati kuti tichite ntchito yabwino powunikira chinthucho, komanso kuti tipeze njira yabwino yowunikira zinthu. Pokhapokha ngati timvetsetsa bwino zinthu zomwe zawunikidwa, ndi pomwe tingathe kuchita bwino powunikira.
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-31-2023
