Chipata cha valvendi valavu yodziwika bwino yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka posungira madzi, zitsulo ndi mafakitale ena. Ntchito zake zambiri zadziwika ndi msika. Kuphatikiza pa kafukufuku wa valve ya pachipata, idapanganso kafukufuku wozama komanso wosamalitsa pakugwiritsa ntchito ndi kuthetsa mavuto.ma valve pachipata.
Zotsatirazi ndizokambirana zambiri pamapangidwe, kugwiritsa ntchito, kuthetsa mavuto, kuyang'anira khalidwe ndi zina zama valve pachipata.
1. Kapangidwe
Mapangidwe avalve pachipata: ndivalve pachipatandi valavu yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mbale yachipata ndi mpando wa valve kuti iwonetsetse kutsegula ndi kutseka.Chipata cha valvemakamaka imakhala ndi valavu thupi, mpando valavu, mbale pachipata, valavu tsinde, bonnet, stuffing bokosi, kulongedza gland, tsinde nati, handwheel ndi zina zotero. Malingana ndi kusintha kwa malo achibale pakati pa chipata ndi mpando wa valve, kukula kwa njira kungasinthidwe ndipo njirayo ikhoza kudulidwa. Kuti athe kukonzavalve pachipatapafupi kwambiri, pamwamba pa makwerero a mbale ya chipata ndi mpando wa valve ndi pansi.
Malingana ndi maonekedwe osiyanasiyana ama valve pachipata, ma valve pachipata akhoza kugawidwa mumtundu wa mphero ndi mtundu wofanana.
Chipata cha mpherovalve pachipatandi mawonekedwe amphepo, ndipo malo osindikizira amapanga ngodya ya oblique ndi mzere wapakati wa njira, ndipo mphero pakati pa chipata ndi mpando wa valve umagwiritsidwa ntchito kukwaniritsa kusindikiza (kutseka). Mbalame ya wedge ikhoza kukhala nkhosa yamphongo imodzi kapena nkhosa yamphongo iwiri.
Malo osindikizira a valve yachipata chofanana ndi ofanana kwa wina ndi mzake ndi perpendicular kwa mzere wapakati wa njira, ndipo pali mitundu iwiri: ndi njira yowonjezera komanso popanda njira yowonjezera. Pali nkhosa ziwiri zamphongo zomwe zimakhala ndi makina ofalitsa. Nkhosa zamphongo zikatsika, m’mphepete mwa nkhosa zamphongo ziwiri zofananirazo zidzayala nkhosa zamphongo ziwirizo pampando wa valve pamalo olowera kuti zitseke njira yolowera. Nkhosa zamphongo zikadzuka ndikutsegula, ma wedges ndi zipata adzakhala Malo ofananirako a mbale amalekanitsidwa, mbale ya pachipata imakwera pamtunda wina, ndipo mpheroyo imathandizidwa ndi bwana pa mbale ya chipata. Chipata chapawiri popanda njira yowonjezera, pamene chipata chimalowa pampando wa valve pamipando iwiri yofanana, kuthamanga kwa madzi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kukanikiza chipata motsutsana ndi thupi la valve kumbali yotuluka ya valve kuti asindikize madzi.
Malingana ndi kayendetsedwe ka tsinde la valve pamene chipata chikutsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa, valavu yachipata imagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: kukwera kwa tsinde lachipata ndi valavu yobisika. Tsinde la valavu ndi mbale ya chipata cha valavu ya tsinde yokwera imakwera ndi kugwa panthawi imodzimodziyo ikatsegulidwa kapena kutsekedwa; pamene valavu ya chipata chobisika imatsegulidwa kapena kutsekedwa, tsinde la valve limangozungulira, ndipo kukweza kwa tsinde la valve sikungathe kuwonedwa, ndipo mbale ya valve imakwera kapena kugwa masewera. Ubwino wa valavu ya chipata chokwera ndikuti kutalika kwa njirayo kumatha kuweruzidwa ndi kutalika kwa tsinde la valve, koma kutalika komwe kumakhalako kumatha kufupikitsidwa. Mukayang'anizana ndi gudumu la m'manja kapena chogwirira, tembenuzirani gudumu lamanja kapena chogwirizira molunjika kuti mutseke valavu.
2. Nthawi ndi mfundo zosankhidwa za mavavu a zipata
01. Lathyathyathyavalve pachipata
Nthawi zogwiritsira ntchito valve ya slab gate:
(1) Pamapaipi amafuta ndi gasi, valavu yachipata chathyathyathya yokhala ndi mabowo opatutsira ndiyosavuta kuyeretsa mapaipi.
(2) Mapaipi ndi zida zosungiramo mafuta oyeretsedwa.
(3) Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamadoko zamafuta ndi gasi.
(4) Mapaipi okhala ndi media yoyimitsidwa.
(5) Njira yotumizira gasi mumzinda.
(6) Ntchito zamadzi.
Mfundo yosankha slabvalve pachipata:
(1) Pamapaipi amafuta ndi gasi, gwiritsani ntchito silabu imodzi kapena iwirima valve pachipata. Ngati kuli kofunikira kuyeretsa payipi, gwiritsani ntchito chipata chimodzi chokhala ndi bowo lotsegulira tsinde lathyathyathya.
(2) Pa payipi yonyamulira ndi zida zosungiramo mafuta oyengedwa, valavu yachipata chathyathyathya yokhala ndi nkhosa yamphongo imodzi kapena nkhosa yamphongo iwiri yopanda mabowo amasankhidwa.
(3) Pakuyika madoko amafuta ndi gasi, chipata chimodzi kapena mavavu a zipata zokhala ndi ndodo zobisika zoyandama ndi mabowo opatukira amasankhidwa.
(4) Kwa mapaipi okhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, mavavu a zipata zooneka ngati mpeni amasankhidwa.
(5) Pamapaipi otumizira gasi akutawuni, gwiritsani ntchito chipata chimodzi kapena zipata ziwiri zokhala ndi ndodo zokwera zomata.
(6) Pantchito zamadzi apampopi, chipata chimodzi kapena ma valve a zipata ziwiri zokhala ndi ndodo zotseguka popanda mabowo opatuka amasankhidwa.
02. Valve yachipata cha wedge
Nthawi zogwirira ntchito za wedge gate valve: Pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma valve, valavu ya pachipata ndi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri imakhala yoyenera kutsegulidwa kwathunthu kapena kutseka kwathunthu, ndipo singagwiritsidwe ntchito powongolera ndi kugwedeza.
Ma valve pachipata cha wedge amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe palibe zofunikira pamiyeso yakunja ya valavu, ndipo magwiridwe antchito ndi ovuta. Mwachitsanzo, sing'anga yogwira ntchito yotentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri kumafuna magawo otseka kuti atsimikizire kusindikiza kwanthawi yayitali, ndi zina.
Nthawi zambiri, ntchito zogwirira ntchito kapena zimafunikira kusindikiza kodalirika, kuthamanga kwambiri, kudula kwapakati (kusiyana kwakukulu), kutsika kwapakati (kusiyana kwapang'onopang'ono), phokoso lotsika, cavitation ndi vaporization, sing'anga kutentha, kutentha kochepa ( cryogenic), tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito valavu ya Wedge gate. Monga mafakitale amagetsi, kusungunula mafuta, mafakitale a petrochemical, mafuta akunyanja, uinjiniya wamadzi ndi uinjiniya wochotsa zimbudzi pomanga m'matauni, makampani opanga mankhwala ndi madera ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Mfundo yosankha:
(1) Zofunikira za mawonekedwe amadzimadzi a valve. Ma valve a zipata amasankhidwa kuti azigwira ntchito ndi kukana kwazing'ono, kuthamanga kwamphamvu, makhalidwe abwino othamanga, ndi zofunikira zosindikizira.
(2) Kutentha kwakukulu komanso sing'anga yapamwamba kwambiri. Monga nthunzi yothamanga kwambiri, kutentha kwambiri komanso mafuta othamanga kwambiri.
(3) Kutentha kochepa (cryogenic) sing'anga. Monga madzi ammonia, madzi haidrojeni, okosijeni wamadzimadzi ndi media zina.
(4) Kuthamanga kwapansi ndi kukula kwakukulu. Monga ntchito zamadzi, zimbudzi zimagwira ntchito.
(5) Malo oyika: Pamene kutalika kwa unsembe kuli kochepa, sankhani valavu ya chipata chobisika; pamene kutalika sikuletsedwa, sankhani valavu yachipata cha tsinde.
(6) Ma valve a chipata cha wedge angagwiritsidwe ntchito pokhapokha ngati angagwiritsidwe ntchito potsegula kapena kutseka kwathunthu, ndipo sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza ndi kugwedeza.
3. Zolakwika zofala ndi kukonza
01. Zolakwa ndi zomwe zimayambitsama valve pachipata
Pambuyo pavalve pachipatantchito, chifukwa cha zotsatira za sing'anga kutentha, kuthamanga, dzimbiri ndi kayendedwe wachibale wa mbali zosiyanasiyana kukhudzana, mavuto otsatirawa zambiri zimachitika.
(1) Kutayikira: Pali mitundu iwiri, ndiyo kutuluka kunja ndi kutuluka mkati. Kutayikira kunja kwa valavu kumatchedwa kutuluka kwakunja, ndipo kutuluka kunja kumapezeka kawirikawiri m'mabokosi opangira zinthu ndi kugwirizana kwa flange.
Zifukwa kutayikira kwa stuffing bokosi: mtundu kapena khalidwe la stuffing sagwirizana ndi zofunika; kuyikapo ndikukalamba kapena tsinde la valve lavala; chithokomiro chonyamula ndi chotayirira; pamwamba pa tsinde valavu ndi zokanda.
Zifukwa za kutayikira pa kugwirizana kwa flange: Zinthu kapena kukula kwa gasket sikukwaniritsa zofunikira; ubwino processing wa flange kusindikiza pamwamba ndi osauka; mabawuti olumikizira sakumizidwa bwino; kasinthidwe ka payipi sikoyenera, ndipo katundu wowonjezera wochulukirapo amapangidwa pakulumikizana.
Zifukwa zowonongeka mkati mwa valavu: Kutayikira komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutsekedwa kwa valve ndi kutuluka kwamkati, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa kusindikiza pamwamba pa valve kapena muzu wa lax wa mphete yosindikiza.
(1) Kuwonongeka nthawi zambiri kumawononga thupi la valve, bonnet, tsinde la valve, ndi malo osindikizira a flange. Kuwonongeka kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha machitidwe a sing'anga, komanso kutulutsidwa kwa ayoni kuchokera ku fillers ndi gaskets.
(2) Kukwapula: Kuphwanyira kapena kusenda kwapamtunda komwe kumachitika pamene chipata ndi mpando wa valve zimayenda molumikizana ndi kukanikiza kwina.
02. Kusamaliravalve pachipata
(1) Kukonza valavu kutuluka kunja
Mukakanikiza kulongedza, ma bolts a gland ayenera kukhala okhazikika kuti chiwombankhanga chisapendekeke ndikusiya mpata wolumikizana. Pamene kukakamiza kulongedza, tsinde la valve liyenera kuzunguliridwa kuti lipangitse kulongedza mozungulira yunifolomu ya tsinde la valve, ndikuletsa kupanikizika kuti kusakhale kolimba kwambiri, kuti zisakhudze kuzungulira kwa tsinde la valve, kuonjezera kuvala pa kunyamula, ndi kufupikitsa moyo wautumiki. Pamwamba pa tsinde la valavu amakanda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti sing'angayo ikhale yosavuta kutulutsa. Iyenera kukonzedwa kuti ichotse zokopa pamwamba pa tsinde la valve musanagwiritse ntchito.
Kwa kutayikira pa kugwirizana kwa flange, ngati gasket yawonongeka, iyenera kusinthidwa; ngati zinthu za gasket zimasankhidwa molakwika, chinthu chomwe chingakwaniritse zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito chiyenera kusankhidwa; ngati khalidwe la processing la flange kusindikiza pamwamba ndi osauka, ayenera kuchotsedwa ndi kukonzedwa. Malo osindikizira a flange amasinthidwanso mpaka atayenerera.
Kuphatikiza apo, kumangitsa koyenera kwa mabawuti a flange, kuwongolera bwino kwa mapaipi, komanso kupewa katundu wowonjezera wowonjezera pamalumikizidwe a flange zonse zimathandiza kupewa kutayikira pamalumikizidwe a flange.
(2) Kukonza valavu yotuluka mkati
Kukonzekera kwa kutayikira kwamkati ndiko kuthetsa kuwonongeka kwa malo osindikizira ndi muzu wotayirira wa mphete yosindikizira (pamene mphete yosindikizira imayikidwa pa mbale ya valve kapena mpando mwa kukanikiza kapena ulusi). Ngati malo osindikizira amakonzedwa mwachindunji pa thupi la valve ndi mbale ya valve, palibe vuto la mizu yotayirira ndi kutuluka.
Pamene malo osindikizira awonongeka kwambiri ndipo malo osindikizira amapangidwa ndi mphete yosindikizira, mphete yakale iyenera kuchotsedwa ndipo mphete yatsopano yosindikiza iyenera kuperekedwa; ngati malo osindikizira amakonzedwa mwachindunji pa thupi la valve, malo osindikizira owonongeka ayenera kuchotsedwa poyamba. Chotsani, ndiyeno perani mphete yatsopano yosindikizirayo kapena malo okonzedwa kukhala malo atsopano osindikizira. Pamene mikwingwirima, tokhala, kuphwanya, ziboda ndi zina zolakwika pa osindikiza pamwamba zosakwana 0.05mm, akhoza kuthetsedwa ndi akupera.
Kutaya kumachitika muzu wa mphete yosindikiza. Pamene mphete yosindikizayo yakhazikika ndikukanikizira, ikani tetrafluoroethylene tetra kapena utoto woyera wokhuthalavalavumpando kapena pansi pa mphete ya mphete yosindikizira, ndiyeno kanikizani mphete yosindikiza kuti mudzaze muzu wa mphete yosindikiza; Pamene mphete yosindikizira yatsekedwa, tepi ya PTFE kapena utoto woyera wandiweyani uyenera kuikidwa pakati pa ulusiwo kuti madzi asadutse pakati pa ulusiwo.
(3) Kukonza valavu dzimbiri
Nthawi zonse, thupi la valve ndi bonnet zimawonongeka mofanana, pamene tsinde la valve nthawi zambiri limaphwanyidwa. Pokonza, zinthu zowonongeka ziyenera kuchotsedwa poyamba. Kwa tsinde la valve yokhala ndi maenje otsekera, iyenera kukonzedwa pa lathe kuti ithetse kukhumudwa, ndikugwiritsa ntchito chodzaza chomwe chili ndi chotsitsa pang'onopang'ono, kapena kuyeretsa chodzaza ndi madzi osungunuka kuti muchotse chodzaza chomwe chili chovulaza tsinde la valve. ions zikuwononga.
(4) Kukonza zokhwasula pamalo osindikizira
Pogwiritsa ntchito valavu, yesetsani kuteteza kuti malo osindikizira asawonongeke, ndipo torque siyenera kukhala yaikulu kwambiri potseka valve. Ngati malo osindikizira akukanda, amatha kuchotsedwa ndikupera.
4. Kuzindikira kwavalve pachipata
Mu msika wamakono ndi zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito, chitsuloma valve pachipatakuwerengera gawo lalikulu. Monga woyang'anira khalidwe lazinthu, kuwonjezera pa kudziŵa zowunikira zamtundu wazinthu, muyeneranso kumvetsetsa bwino za mankhwala omwewo.
01. Maziko ozindikira achitsulovalve pachipata
Chitsuloma valve pachipataamayesedwa potengera dziko muyezo GB/T12232-2005 "Flanged chitsuloma valve pachipatakwa mavavu general”.
02. Kuyendera zinthu zachitsulovalve pachipata
Makamaka zikuphatikizapo: zizindikiro, osachepera khoma makulidwe, kuthamanga mayeso, chipolopolo mayeso, etc. Pakati pawo, makulidwe khoma, kuthamanga, ndi chipolopolo mayeso zofunika kuyendera zinthu ndi zinthu zofunika. Ngati pali zinthu zosayenera, zitha kuweruzidwa mwachindunji ngati zinthu zosayenera .
Mwachidule, kuyang'anira khalidwe la mankhwala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakuwunika kwazinthu zonse, ndipo kufunikira kwake kumawonekera. Monga antchito oyang'anira kutsogolo, tiyenera kulimbikitsa nthawi zonse khalidwe lathu, osati kungochita ntchito yabwino poyang'ana malonda, komanso Pokhapokha pomvetsetsa zinthu zomwe zayendera tikhoza kuchita ntchito yabwino yoyendera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-31-2023
