Mwachidule
Vavundi chinthu chofunika kwambiri mu makina ambiri. Imayikidwa pamapaipi osiyanasiyana kapena zida kuti ziwongolere kuyenda kwa sing'anga mwa kusintha dera lanjira mu valavu. Ntchito zake ndi: kulumikiza kapena kudula sing'anga, kuteteza sing'anga kuyenderera mmbuyo, kusintha magawo monga sing'anga kuthamanga ndi otaya, kusintha kayendedwe ka sing'anga, kugawa sing'anga kapena kuteteza mapaipi ndi zipangizo ku overpressure, etc.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya zinthu za valve, zomwe zimagawidwavalve pachipata, valavu yapadziko lonse lapansi,chekeni valavu, valavu ya mpira,valavu ya butterfly, valavu ya pulagi, valavu ya diaphragm, valavu yotetezera, valavu yoyendetsa (valavu yolamulira), valavu yowonongeka, valavu yochepetsera mphamvu ndi Misampha, ndi zina zotero; Malinga ndi nkhaniyo, iwo anawagawa mkuwa aloyi, chitsulo, mpweya zitsulo, aloyi zitsulo, austenitic zitsulo, ferritic-austenitic wapawiri gawo zitsulo, faifi tambala ofotokoza aloyi, titaniyamu aloyi, pulasitiki zomangamanga ndi mavavu ceramic, etc. Komanso , pali ma valve apadera monga ma ultra-high pressure valves, vacuum vacuum, ma valve opangira magetsi, ma valve a mapaipi ndi mapaipi, ma valve a mafakitale a nyukiliya, ma valve a zombo ndi ma valve cryogenic. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma valve, kukula kwadzina kuchokera ku DN1 (gawo mu mm) mpaka DN9750; kuthamanga mwadzina kochokera ku ultra-vacuum ya 1× 10-10 mmHg (1mmHg = 133.322Pa) mpaka kuthamanga kwambiri kwa PN14600 (gawo la 105 Pa); Kutentha kogwira ntchito kumachokera ku kutentha kwambiri -269℃mpaka kutentha kwambiri kwa 1200℃.
Zogulitsa za valve amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana azachuma cha dziko, monga mafuta, gasi, kuyenga kwamafuta ndi gasi ndi kukonza ndi kayendedwe ka mapaipi, mankhwala, mankhwala ndi njira zopangira chakudya, mphamvu yamadzi, mphamvu zotentha ndi zida zanyukiliya; Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mavavu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakutentha ndi magetsi, machitidwe opangira zitsulo, machitidwe amadzimadzi a zombo, magalimoto, ndege ndi makina osiyanasiyana amasewera, ndi ulimi wothirira ndi ngalande za minda. Kuonjezera apo, m'madera a matekinoloje atsopano monga chitetezo ndi ndege, ma valve osiyanasiyana okhala ndi katundu wapadera amagwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Zogulitsa zama valve zimakhala ndi gawo lalikulu lazinthu zamakina. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za mayiko otukuka akunja, mtengo wotulutsa mavavu umakhala pafupifupi 5% ya mtengo wamakampani onse opanga makina. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, malo opangira mphamvu za nyukiliya omwe amapangidwa ndi ma kilowatt miliyoni awiri ali ndi ma valve okwana 28,000, omwe pafupifupi 12,000 ndi ma valve a pachilumba cha nyukiliya. Malo akuluakulu amakono a petrochemical amafunikira mazana masauzande a mavavu osiyanasiyana, ndipo kuyika ndalama mu mavavu nthawi zambiri kumakhala 8% mpaka 10% ya ndalama zonse zogulira zida.
Mkhalidwe wamakampani a valve ku China wakale
01 Malo obadwira makampani a valve ku China: Shanghai
Ku China wakale, Shanghai anali malo oyamba kupanga ma valve ku China. Mu 1902, Pan Shunji Copper Workshop, yomwe ili pa Wuchang Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, idayamba kupanga timagulu tating'ono ta mipope ya tiyi ndi manja. Mpope wa tiyi ndi mtundu wa tambala wamkuwa. Ndiwopanga ma valve oyambirira kwambiri ku China omwe amadziwika mpaka pano. Mu 1919, Deda (Shengji) Hardware Factory (yomwe idatsogolera Shanghai Transmission Machinery Factory) idayamba kuchokera panjinga yaying'ono ndipo idayamba kupanga atambala ang'onoang'ono amkuwa, ma valve a globe, mavavu a pachipata ndi zida zozimitsa moto. Kupanga mavavu achitsulo kunayamba mu 1926, ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu kwa NPS6 (mu mainchesi, NPS1 = DN25.4). Panthawi imeneyi, mafakitale a hardware monga Wang Yingqiang, Dahua, Lao Demao ndi Maoxu adatsegulidwanso kuti apange ma valve. Pambuyo pake, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kwa ma valve opangira mapaipi pamsika, gulu lina la mafakitale a hardware, mafakitale achitsulo, mafakitale a mchenga (oponyera) ndi mafakitale amakina anatsegulidwa kuti apange mavavu amodzi pambuyo pake.
Gulu lopanga ma valve limapangidwa m'malo a Zhonghongqiao, Waihongqiao, Daming Road ndi Changzhi Road m'boma la Hongkou, Shanghai. Panthawi imeneyo, malonda ogulitsa kwambiri pamsika wapakhomo anali "Horse Head", "Three 8", "Three 9", "Double Coin", "Iron Anchor", "Chicken Ball" ndi "Eagle Ball". Zida zopangira zitsulo zotsika kwambiri za mkuwa ndi zitsulo zotayidwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mavavu amadzimadzi pomanga ndi malo aukhondo, ndipo mavavu achitsulo pang'ono amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamakampani opanga nsalu. Mafakitolewa ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri, okhala ndi ukadaulo wakumbuyo, zida zosavuta zomangira komanso kutulutsa kwa ma valve otsika, koma ndiwo malo oyamba kumene makampani a valve aku China. Pambuyo pake, pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Shanghai Construction Hardware Association, opanga ma valve awa alowa nawo gulu limodzi ndikukhala gulu lamadzi. membala.
02 Zomera ziwiri zazikulu zopangira ma valve
Kumayambiriro kwa 1930, Shanghai Shenhe Machinery Factory inapanga mavavu achitsulo otsika pansi pa NPS12 kuti agwiritse ntchito madzi. Mu 1935, fakitale anakhazikitsa ankapitabe olowa ndi Xiangfeng Iron chitoliro Factory ndi Xiangtai Iron Co., Ltd. masheya kumanga Daxin Iron Factory (m'malo Shanghai Bicycle Factory), mu 1936 Anamaliza ndi kuika mu kupanga, pali antchito pafupifupi 100. , ndi 2.6 zhang (1 zhang≈3.33m) lathes ndi zida zonyamulira, makamaka kupanga Chalk mafakitale ndi migodi, mipope zitsulo madzi ndi mavavu kuponyedwa chitsulo, kukula mwadzina wa valavu ndi NPS6 ~ NPS18, ndipo Iwo akhoza kupanga ndi kupereka seti wathunthu wa mavavu zomera madzi, ndi malonda amatumizidwa ku Nanjing, Hangzhou ndi Beijing. Pambuyo pa "Ogasiti 13" oukira ku Japan adalanda Shanghai mu 1937, malo ambiri ndi zida za fakitale zidawonongedwa ndi zida zankhondo zaku Japan. Chaka chotsatira anawonjezera ndalama ndi kuyambiranso ntchito. NPS14 ~ NPS36 mavavu oponyera pachipata chachitsulo, koma chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwachuma, bizinesi yaulesi, ndi kuchotsedwa kwachuma, sanathe kuchira mpaka madzulo a kukhazikitsidwa kwa New China.
Mu 1935, omwe ali ndi masheya asanu kuphatikiza Li Chenghai, wochita bizinesi mdzikolo, adakhazikitsa Shenyang Chengfa Iron Factory (yomwe idatsogolera Tieling Valve Factory) pa Shishiwei Road, Nancheng District, Shenyang City. Konzani ndi kupanga ma valve. Mu 1939, fakitale idasamutsidwira ku Beierma Road, Chigawo cha Tiexi kuti ikulitsidwe, ndipo ma workshop awiri akulu opangira ndi kupanga makina adamangidwa. Pofika m'chaka cha 1945, inali itakula kufika pa antchito 400, ndipo zinthu zake zazikulu zinali: zowotcha zazikulu, mavavu amkuwa, ndi mavavu achitsulo opangidwa pansi pa nthaka omwe ali ndi kukula kwake pansi pa DN800. Shenyang Chengfa Iron Factory ndi opanga ma valve omwe akuvutika kuti apulumuke ku China yakale.
03 Makampani a valve kumbuyo
Panthawi ya nkhondo yolimbana ndi Japan, mabizinesi ambiri ku Shanghai ndi malo ena adasamukira kumwera chakumadzulo, motero kuchuluka kwa mabizinesi ku Chongqing ndi malo ena kumbuyo kudakwera kwambiri, ndipo bizinesiyo idayamba kukula. Mu 1943, Chongqing Hongtai Machinery Factory ndi Huachang Machinery Factory (mafakitale onse awiri anali oyamba a Chongqing Valve Factory) anayamba kukonza ndi kupanga mbali za mabomba ndi ma valve otsika kwambiri, zomwe zinathandiza kwambiri pakupanga zida zankhondo kumbuyo ndi kuthetsa anthu wamba. mavavu. Pambuyo pa kupambana kwa Anti-Japan War, Lisheng Hardware Factory, Zhenxing Industrial Society, Jinshunhe Hardware Factory ndi Qiyi Hardware Factory anatsegula motsatizana kuti apange ma valve ang'onoang'ono. Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa New China, mafakitalewa adaphatikizidwa ku Chongqing Valve Factory.
Pa nthawi imeneyo, enaopanga ma valveku Shanghai adapitanso ku Tianjin, Nanjing ndi Wuxi kukamanga mafakitale okonza ndi kupanga mavavu. Mafakitale ena a Hardware, mafakitale a mapaipi achitsulo, mafakitale amakina kapena malo osungiramo zombo ku Beijing, Dalian, Changchun, Harbin, Anshan, Qingdao, Wuhan, Fuzhou ndi Guangzhou nawonso akhala akukonza ndi kupanga ma valve opangira mapaipi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-21-2022
