Gawo Loyambirira la Makampani A Valve (1949-1959)
01ORGENNININK kuti mutumikire kuchira kwachuma cha dziko lonse
Nthawi kuyambira 1949 mpaka 1952 inali nthawi yazachuma m'dziko la dziko langa. Chifukwa cha zosowa za zomangamanga zachuma, dzikolo likufuna kuchuluka kwakukulu kwamavuvu, osatiMakulidwe ocheperako, komanso gulu lankhondo lalitali komanso lapakatikati lomwe silinapangidwe nthawi imeneyo. Momwe mungapangire kupangira Vavery kuti mukwaniritse zosowa zapamwamba za dzikolo ndi ntchito yovuta komanso yovuta.
1. Maupangiri ndi othandizira
Malinga ndi ndondomeko ya "Kupanga chuma, kuganizira za anthu onse komanso zachinsinsi, komanso kupindula kwambiri ntchito ndi maboma a anthu kuti akonzekeretse mabizinesi apakati komanso amapanga maamwa. Kumaso kwa Republic of China, fangfang Chengfaro Factory imatseka bizinesi yake, ndipo akugulitsa zida zokwana 7 kuti azisunga ndalama. Pambuyo pokhazikitsidwa kwa New China, mothandizidwa ndi boma la anthu, fakitaleyi idayambiranso, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ogwira ntchito m'chaka chimenecho kunachuluka kuchokera ku 7 mpaka 96 pomwe zinayamba. Pambuyo pake, fakitaleyo idavomereza zakuthupi kuchokera ku Shenang Hardware makina makina amakampani, ndipo zopangidwa zimapangidwa ndi mawonekedwe atsopano. Chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito chinawonjezeka mpaka 329, ndi liwongo la pachaka la mavalo 610, ndi mtengo wotulutsa 830,000 Yuan. Nthawi yomweyo ku Shanghai, osati mabizinesi apadera omwe anali atapanga mavesi a National Cyalomy, koma ndikubwezeretsa chuma chaching'ono, chomwe chimapangitsa bungwe la ma valve a zida zankhondo nthawi imeneyo.
2. Kugula kogwirizana ndi kugulitsa, kupanga valavu
Ndili ndi mabizinesi akuluakulu achinsinsi otembenukira mu ma valavu, zoyambirira za Shanghai zida za hanghai madera omwe sangathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira za chitukuko. Mu 1951, opanga Shanghai aja adakhazikitsa zolumikizira 6 zogwirira ntchito pokonza ndikugwiritsa ntchito ntchito za Shanghai Zogula za China Hardware, ndikugwiritsa ntchito kugula kogwirizana. Mwachitsanzo, chitsulo cha Daxin chimagwira ntchito, chomwe chimagwira ntchito ya mavesi akuluakulu otsika, ndipo yunda, Zhongxin, jinlong ndi ma jinggong. Motsogozedwa ndi mateloleum oyang'anira mafakitale, madongosolo achindunji amakhazikitsidwa, kenako ndikusintha madongosolo. Boma la anthu lathandiza mabizinesi achinsinsi kuthana ndi mavuto omwe ali ndi mabizinesi ogwirizana komanso ogulitsa, omwe amasintha zinthu zambiri zamphamvu zomera, zomwe zasintha kwambiri ndi minda yamafuta kuti iyambenso kupanga.
3. Kukula kwa kubwezeretsa kwa ntchito zomanga zachuma
Mu dongosolo loyamba la zaka zisanu, boma lazindikira ma projekiti omanga 156, omwe kubwezeretsanso kwa mapulani a kireniki ndi ansan chitsulo ndi chitsulo cha kampani ndi ntchito ziwiri zazikulu. Kuti muyambirenso kupanga mafuta mu YUMEN GAWOFELFFFFFFFFEL posachedwa, The Petroleum Administration Bareau of the Unduna wa Mafuta a Mafuta Ogwiritsa Ntchito Magawo a Mafuta a Mafuta a Penghai. Shanghai Jinlong Harlong Hardware fakitale yoyeserera ndipo ena achita ntchito yoyeserera, ndikupanga gulu la mavalo apakatikati. Zimakhala bwino kulingalira zovuta za ma valves apakatikati mwa mafakitale ang'onoang'ono. Mitundu ina imatha kutsanziridwa molingana ndi zitsanzo zoperekedwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, ndipo zinthu zenizeni zimayang'aniridwa ndikukonzedwa. Popeza mtundu wa zitsulo sunali wabwino, ndipo thupi loyambirira lopotokola limayenera kusinthidwa kuti lisaphwe. Panthawiyo, kunalibe kubowola kufera mabowo obisala a dziko lapansi valavu, kotero imatha kukokedwa ndi dzanja, kenako ndikuwongoleredwa ndi forter yoyenera. Atathana ndi zovuta zambiri, pamapeto pake tinachita bwino poyeserera nps3 / 8 ~ n ~ nps2 sing'anga yachitsulo cha patchi, zomwe zidalandiridwa bwino ndi ogwiritsa ntchito. Mu theka lachiwiri la 1952, Shanghai Yuanta, Zhongxin, Weye, a Lianggong ndi mafakitale ena adayamba kugwira ntchito yoyeserera ndi kupanga mavuvu achitsulo. Panthawiyo, mapangidwe a Soviet ndi miyezo adagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo matepiwo amaphunzira akuchita, komanso adagonjetsa zovuta zambiri popanga. Kupanga mayesero a Shanghai Kuponyeretsa maazivala achitsulo kunapangidwa mwadongosolo la mafuta, komanso anapezanso mgwirizano ndi mafakitale ku Shanghai. Asia fakitato (Tsopano Shanghai Makina Okonza Makina) idapereka zipilala zachitsulo zomwe zidakwaniritsa zofunikira, ndipo sifaan boiler fakitale yomwe idathandizira kuphulika. Mayesowa pamapeto pake adakwanitsa kupanga mayesero a vatotype stototype, ndipo nthawi yomweyo anakonza zokuza ndikuwutumiza ku yimen mafuta. Nthawi yomweyo, Shenyang Chengfaron Ntchito ndi Shanghai Daxin Iron Iron imagwiranso ntchitoMavavu otsikaNdi zikuluzikulu zokulirapo zamphamvu za mphamvu, ansan chitsulo ndi chitsulo chachitsulo kuti akayambenso kupanga ndi kumanga umizinda.
Pakubwezeretsa chuma cha dziko lonse, makampani am'dziko la dziko layamba msanga. Mu 1949, valavu inali 387 yokha yokhayo 382 yokha, mu 1952 mu 1952 mu 1952 mu 1952 mu 1952 mu 1952 mu 1952 mu 1952 mu 1952 mu 1952 mu 1952 mu 1952 mu 1952 mu 1952 mu 1952 mu 1952 mu 1952 mu 1952 mu 1952 mu 1952 mu 1952 mu 1952 mu 1952 mu mavesi a chitsulo, zomwe zimangoyambitsa mavesi a chitsulo, zomwe zimangopereka maziko abwino okulitsa chuma cha mayiko.
Makampani ogulitsa 02
Mu 1953, dziko langa linayamba mapulani ake oyamba chaka chimodzi, ndi mafakitale monga mafuta monga mafuta monga ma petroleum, ma mechi, mphamvu yamagetsi ndi malasha onse amayendetsa chitukuko. Pakadali pano, kufunikira kwa mavunda kumachulukitsidwa. Panthawiyo, ngakhale panali mafakitale ambiri omwe amapanga mavavu, zida zawo zaukadaulo zinali zatha, mafakitale awo anali osavuta, mamba awo anali ochepa, ndipo anali omwazikana kwambiri. Pofuna kukwaniritsa zofunikira zachuma chadzikoli, utumiki woyamba wamakampani makina (amatchedwa utumiki woyamba wamakina) akupitilizabe kukonza mabizinesi apadera oyambira ndikuwonjezera bwino. Nthawi yomweyo, pali mapulani ndi njira zopangira msana ndi mavuvu ofunikira. Enterprise, makampani anga a Valuve adayamba kuyamba.
1. Kukonzanso mafakitale achiwiri mu Shanghai
Pambuyo pokhazikitsidwa kwa New China, phwandolo lidayambitsa ndondomeko ya "Kugwiritsa ntchito, kuletsa ndi kusinthana" kwa makampani opanga capitalist ndi malonda.
Zinapezeka kuti panali mafakitale 60 kapena 70 ku Shanghai. Mafakitale amenewa anali ndi anthu 20 mpaka 30, ang'ono kwambiri anali ndi anthu ochepa. Ngakhale mafakitale awa amatulutsa mavalidwe, ukadaulo wawo ndi kasamalidwe kawo kamabwerera m'mbuyo kwambiri, zida ndi nyumba zopangira zifakitale ndizosavuta, ndipo njira zopangira ndizosavuta. Ena amangokhala ndi zida ziwiri zokha kapena ziwiri zophweka, ndipo pali zikopa zina zojambula zoponyera, ambiri omwe amagwirira ntchito pamanja. , popanda kupanga kuthekera komanso zida zoyesa. Izi sizoyenera kusintha kwamakono, komanso sizingatheke kukwaniritsa zofunikira za boma, ndipo ndizosatheka kuyendetsa bwino za valavu ya valavu. Kuti izi zitheke, boma la Shanghai zidapanga mwayi wophatikizira ndi opanga valai. Kuphatikiza mwa kayendetsedwe kazithunzi pamwambapa, komwe kumakhudzana ndi ukadaulo ndi mtundu, zomwe zimagwirizanitsa chidwi chomwazika ndi njira, motero amalimbikitsa chidwi cha ambiri ogwira ntchito, ndiye kukonzanso koyamba kwa makampani a valavu.
Pambuyo pa mgwirizano wapagulu mu 1956, makampani a Vavai adayambitsa kusintha kwa mafakitale ambiri, ndipo makampani aluso monga ma Shanghai Centernating Company ndi kampani yayikulu yopanga zidakhazikitsidwa. Kampani ya Willve idagwirizana ndi makampani omanga zomangamanga, ROGFA, Zhongxin, Wenlong, jinchang, yuncha, ndi jiie ndi dera. Pali mafakitale a 20 Center ku Dalian, Yuchang, Deta, ndi zina. Nthambi ya chipani ndi mizu yolumikizira nyumba idakhazikitsidwa mu chomera chapakati. Boma lidayimitsa malo oyimilira pagulu kuti ayang'anire ntchito yoyang'anira, ndipo kukhazikitsidwa kokhazikitsidwa, kukhazikitsidwa, ndi mabungwe azamalonda, ndipo pang'onopang'ono njira zogwirira ntchito pang'onopang'ono zofanana zofanana ndi mabizinesi omwe ali ndi boma. Nthawi yomweyo, malo a Shenyang adaphatikizanso mafakitale ang'onoang'ono atatu ku ChengfaPachipataFakitale. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, boma labweretsa mabwato ang'onoang'ono ndi ophunzitsira ku National Counter Phokoso Lalikulu kudzera m'magulu onse, ndipo wakonza ndi kupanga valavu. Uku ndikusintha mu kasamalidwe ka ma raveve a valavu kuyambira kukhazikitsidwa kwa China chatsopano.
2. Shenyang General Makina Ofakitale Kupanga Vesive
Nthawi yomweyo monga kukonzanso mapulogalamu a valai ku Shanghai, dipatimenti yoyamba ya makina adagawana kupanga mafakitale aliwonse okhudzana ndi mafakitale ophatikizana ndi mafakitale akuluakulu a boma. Shenyeng General makina adasinthidwa kukhala wopanga puvelory Vent. bizinesi. Wotsogola wa fakitaleyo anali wamkulu kwambiri ku Enterrio Einland Office komanso mafakitale a ku Japan Debaung. Pambuyo pokhazikitsidwa kwa China chatsopano, fakitaleyo makamaka imapanga zida zingapo zamakina ndi zolumikizana zitoliro. Mu 1953, idayamba kupanga makina otabwa. Mu 1954, pomwe zinali m'manja mwa oyang'anira Bureau wa Utumiki wamakina, anali ndi antchito 1,585 ndi zigawo za 147 za makina ndi zida zosiyanasiyana. Ndipo ili ndi mphamvu yopanga chitsulo, ndipo mphamvu yaluso imakhala yamphamvu. Kuyambira 1955, kuti azolowere njira ya dziko, asintha bwino kupanga zitsulo, amakonzanso zokambirana zoyambirira, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zitsulo zatsopano komanso zojambula zamiyala. Akatswiri ena anasamutsidwa kuchoka ku fakitale ya ku Shenyang. Mu 1956, 837T yaMakulidwe ocheperakoZida zopangidwa, ndipo kupangidwa kwakukulu kwa mavuvu apamwamba ndi apakatikati ndinayamba. Mu 1959, 421T ya mavalves adapangidwa, kuphatikiza 1291t ya mavavu apamwamba ndi apakatikati. Mu 1962, inali yodziwikanso ku Shenyang Highve Houghve Factory ndipo idakhala imodzi mwazigawo zazikulu kwambiri zakumbuyo.
3.. Pakachitika pachimake cha Valve
M'masiku oyambilira a China, valavu ya dziko langa idasinthidwa ndi mgwirizano ndi nkhondo. Mu "kudumpha kwakukulu" nthawi ya kutsogolo Valave: 387 Mu 1949, 8126t mu 1956, 49746 mu 1959, nthawi ya 1949, ndi 6.1 nthawi ya 1956 pomwe mgwirizano wa anthu uja udakhazikitsidwa. Kupanga mavuvu othamanga ndi apakatikati, ndipo kuphatikiza kwakukulu kunayamba mu 1956, wokhala ndi liwongo la 175t. Mu 1959, zotulutsa zidafikira 1799t, zomwe zinali.3 nthawi zomwe zinali mu 1956. Kukula mwachangu kwa ntchito yazachuma kwalimbikitsanso mabizinesi akuluakulu a Varva. Mu 1955, Shanghai Lianggong valavu yoyeserera bwino - adapanga valavu ya Christim Churve Mafuta a Oumen; Shanghai Yunda, Zhongxin, Weye, Rongfa ndi mafakito ena oyeserera oyeserera, ma feteleza othamanga a ma doltebirster a feteleza wa PNN160; Shenyang Generary Makina fakitale ya suzhou in fakitale (yomwe idalowa m'malo a Suzhou) oyeserera bwino) adapanga mavesi apamwamba kwambiri kwa Jilin Medication Makampani a Jilin; Shenyang Chengfarory fakitale yoyeserera bwino - imapanga valavu yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi kukula kwa dn3000. Inali valavu yayikulu kwambiri komanso yolemera kwambiri ku China nthawi imeneyo; Shenyang Generary Makina oyeserera bwino oyeserera oyeserera ndi a Nomwel a DN3 ~ DN10 ndi zovuta za nomweth a pn1500 Shanghai Daxin Iron fakisiki yotulutsa zitsulo zophika kwambiri kutentha kwambiri ndi kukula kwa DN600 ndi valavu ya DN900; Vafakitale ya Dalia ya Dalia, wakali wa Wafdian fakitale, etc. apezanso chitukuko chachangu. Kuchulukana kosiyanasiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa mavumbi omwe amalimbikitsa kukulitsa mabizinesi a Valve. Makamaka ndi zofuna zomanga za "makampani akuluakulu odumphira", mafakitale ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati atuluka mdziko lonse. Podzafika mu 1958, abizinesi adziko lonse lapansi anali ndi zana limodzi, akupanga gulu lalikulu lopanga Vevu. Mu 1958, liwongo lonse la mavalo linakwera mpaka 24,1663t, kuwonjezeka kwa 80% kupitirira 1957; Munthawi imeneyi, valavu ya dziko langa inali inali pachimake koyamba. Komabe, chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa opanga valavu, zimabweretsanso mavuto angapo. Mwachitsanzo: Kungofuna kuchuluka, osati mtundu; "Kuchita zazing'ono ndikuchita njira zazikulu, zakomweko", kusowa kwa chikhalidwe; kapangidwe kake kamene mukuchita, kusowa malingaliro; koperani ndi kukopera, kubweretsa chisokonezo chaukadaulo. Chifukwa cha mfundo zawo zapadera, aliyense amakhala ndi masitayilo osiyanasiyana. Malumu a mavuwa si yunifolomu m'malo osiyanasiyana, ndipo kupanikizika kwadzina ndi mawonekedwe a Nomweno si yunifolomu. Mafakitale ena amatanthauzira miyezo ya Soviet, ena amangonena za miyezo ya Japan, ndipo ena akunena za miyezo yaku America ndi ku Britain. Chisokonezo. Pankhani ya mitundu, zokhudzana ndi, kutalika kwake, mikhalidwe yoyeserera, makampani ambiri, ndi muyeso wambiri, ndipo phindu lachuma silili bwino. Zinthu nthawi imeneyo 'zidabalalika, zosokoneza, zochepa, zoperewera " Kuti musinthe izi, boma linaganiza zokonzekera antchito oyenerera kuti azichita kafukufuku waku NationalvalavuMakampani.
4..
Kuti mudziwe za Valve Vesive, mu 1958, burous woyamba ndi wachitatu wa dipatimenti yoyamba ya makina adakonza kafukufuku wa dziko lonse. Gulu lofufuzira linapita kumadera anayi ndi mizinda 24 kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China, North China, East China ndi Central South China kuti ipange kufufuza mokwanira pa mafakitale 90. Uwu ndi kafukufuku woyamba wapadziko lonse kuyambira kukhazikitsidwa kwa Republic of China. Panthawiyo, kafukufukuyu adayang'ana pa valavu yopaka ndi mitundu yayikulu komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana, monga shenyang Gengfary fangion fangiry fakitale, ndi valavu ya Sukulu ya Dairia. Fakitale, ku Beijing Hardware Valojekiti (Preijing valavu)
Kudzera mufufuzidwe, mavuto akulu omwe alipo mu Valve omwe apezeka momveka bwino:
1) Kusowa koyenera komanso kovomerezeka kwa ntchito, zomwe zimabweretsa zopangidwa mobwerezabwereza ndikukhudza kuthekera.
2) Miyezo ya Product siyogwirizana, yomwe idapangitsa kuti munthu asankhe ndi kukonza.
3) Maziko a muyeso ndi ntchito yoyeserera ndi yosauka kwambiri, ndipo nkovuta kutsimikizira kuti valavu ya valavu ndi kupanga misa.
Poyankha mavuto omwe ali pamwambawa, gulu lofufuzira linaikirani miyeso itatu ku mautumiki ndi bureaus, kuphatikiza kulimbikitsa kukonzekera, kugawana ntchito molimbika, komanso kulinganiza bwino; Kulimbitsa Finistrization ndi Ntchito Yoyendera Mwakuthupi ndi Mankhwala, miyezo yogwirizana; ndi kuchita kafukufuku woyesera. 1. Atsogoleri a 3rd Bureau adatsimikiza kwambiri izi. Choyamba, amayang'ana kwambiri pantchito. Adapereka makina opanga zamakina kuyika kafukufuku woyamba wautumiki woyamba wa makina opanga magwiridwe antchito a fakitaleyi, omwe adakhazikitsa ndikusindikiza buku la "Valve Varge". Zithunzi za Mapaipi operekedwa ndi utumiki ndi gawo loyamba la Valation mu dziko langa, ndipo buku la " Mwa kafukufukuyu, mtundu wa dziko lonse lapansi, kazembe wa dziko langa zaka 10 zapitazi, ndipo njira zothandiza komanso zothandiza zathetsedwa kutsanzira kwathunthu kupanga mavesi ndi kusowa kwa miyezo. Tekinoloji yopanga idapita patsogolo ndikuyamba kulowa gawo lina lokha ndi bungwe la kupanga misa.
Chidule cha 03
Kuyambira 1949 mpaka 1959, dziko langa lavalavuMakampani mwachangu adachira ku China cha China ndikuyamba; kuchokera kukonza, kuzengereza kudzipangiradlopangidwa ndikupanga, chifukwa chopanga ma famu otsika pakupanga mavavu apamwamba ndi apakatikati, poyamba adapanga makampani opanga Valuve. Komabe, chifukwa cha chitukuko chachangu cha liwiro, palinso zovuta zina. Popeza idaphatikizidwa ndi dongosolo ladziko lonse lapansi, pansi pa kasamalidwe ka muutumiki woyamba wa Makina, zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli zapezeka chifukwa chofufuza ndi kusinthana ndi njira zothandiza komanso njira zogwirira ntchito zankhondo. Ndipo mapangidwe a mabungwe opanga ayika maziko abwino.
Post Nthawi: Jul-27-2022
