Gawo loyamba la mafakitale a valve (1949-1959)
01Konzani kuti muthandizire kukonzanso chuma cha dziko
Kuyambira mu 1949 mpaka 1952 inali nthawi imene dziko langa linayamba kuyenda bwino. Chifukwa cha zosowa za zomangamanga zachuma, dziko likufunikira mwamsanga chiwerengero chachikulu chamavavu, osati kokhama valve otsika, komanso gulu la ma valve othamanga kwambiri ndi apakatikati omwe sanapangidwe panthawiyo. Momwe mungakonzekere kupanga ma valve kuti mukwaniritse zofunikira zadziko lino ndi ntchito yolemetsa komanso yovuta.
1. Kuwongolera ndikuthandizira kupanga
Mogwirizana ndi ndondomeko ya "kupititsa patsogolo kupanga, kupititsa patsogolo chuma, poganizira zonse za boma ndi zachinsinsi, komanso kupindula ndi ntchito ndi ndalama", boma la anthu limagwiritsa ntchito njira yokonza ndi kuitanitsa, ndipo limathandizira mwamphamvu mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi ang'onoang'ono. kutsegulanso ndi kupanga ma valve. Madzulo a kukhazikitsidwa kwa People's Republic of China, Shenyang Chengfa Iron Factory pamapeto pake idatseka bizinesi yake chifukwa cha ngongole zake zazikulu komanso palibe msika wazinthu zake, ndikusiya antchito 7 okha kuti azilondera fakitale, ndikugulitsa zida zamakina 14 kuti zisungidwe. ndalama. Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa New China, mothandizidwa ndi boma la anthu, fakitale inayambiranso kupanga, ndipo chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito m'chaka chimenecho chinawonjezeka kuchoka pa 7 kufika pa 96 pamene chinayamba. Pambuyo pake, fakitaleyo idavomereza kukonza zinthu kuchokera ku Shenyang Hardware Machinery Company, ndipo kupanga kwake kudayambanso mawonekedwe. Chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito chinawonjezeka kufika 329, ndi linanena bungwe pachaka 610 mavavu zosiyanasiyana, ndi linanena bungwe mtengo wa 830,000 yuan. Panthawi yomweyi ku Shanghai, osati mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono okha omwe adatulutsa mavavu adatsegulidwanso, koma ndi kubwezeretsanso chuma cha dziko, mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono ambiri adatsegulidwa kapena kusinthana ndi mavavu opangira, zomwe zidapangitsa bungwe la Construction Hardware Association. nthawi imeneyo kukula mofulumira.
2. Kugula ndi malonda ogwirizana, konzani kupanga ma valve
Ndi kuchuluka kwa mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono omwe akusandulika kupanga ma valve, bungwe loyambirira la Shanghai Construction Hardware Association lalephera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zachitukuko. Mu 1951, opanga ma valve ku Shanghai adakhazikitsa mabizinesi 6 ogwirizana kuti agwire ntchito yokonza ndi kuyitanitsa ku Shanghai Purchasing Supply Station ya China Hardware Machinery Company, ndikukhazikitsa kugula ndi kugulitsa kogwirizana. Mwachitsanzo, Daxin Iron Works, yomwe imagwira ntchito ya mavavu akuluakulu otsika kwambiri, ndi Yuanda, Zhongxin, Jinlong ndi Lianggong Machinery Factory, yomwe imapanga kupanga ma valve apamwamba ndi apakatikati, onse amathandizidwa ndi Shanghai. Municipal Bureau of Public Utilities, Ministry of Industry of East China ndi Central Fuel. Motsogozedwa ndi Petroleum Administration ya Unduna wa Zamakampani, malangizo achindunji amatsatiridwa, kenako ndikutembenukira ku madongosolo okonza. Boma la People lathandiza mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono kuthana ndi zovuta zopanga ndi kugulitsa kudzera pakugula ndi kugulitsa zolumikizana, poyambirira adasintha kusokonekera kwachuma kwamabizinesi apadera, ndikukulitsa chidwi chopanga cha eni mabizinesi ndi antchito, omwe ali m'mbuyo kwambiri muukadaulo, zida. ndi zochitika za fakitale Pazimenezi, wapereka chiwerengero chachikulu cha mankhwala a valve kwa makampani akuluakulu monga magetsi, zomera zachitsulo ndi minda ya mafuta kuti ayambenso kupanga.
3. Chitukuko chobwezeretsa ntchito zomanga zachuma zadziko
Mu pulani yoyamba ya zaka zisanu, boma lapeza ntchito zomanga zazikulu 156, zomwe kubwezeretsa kwa Yumen Oil Field ndi Anshan Iron and Steel Company ndi ntchito ziwiri zazikulu. Kuti ayambitsenso kupanga ku Yumen Oilfield posachedwa, Bungwe la Petroleum Administration la Unduna wa Zamafuta amafuta linakonza zopanga zida zamakina amafuta ku Shanghai. Fakitale ya Shanghai Jinlong Hardware Factory ndi ena achita ntchito yoyesa kupanga mavavu achitsulo apakati. Ndizotheka kuganiza za zovuta za ma valve opangira zoyeserera ndi mafakitale ang'onoang'ono ngati ma workshop. Mitundu ina imatha kutsanziridwa molingana ndi zitsanzo zoperekedwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, ndipo zinthu zenizeni zimafufuzidwa ndikujambulidwa. Popeza kuti zitsulo zoponyera zitsulo sizinali bwino, thupi loyambirira la valavu lachitsulo linayenera kusinthidwa kukhala forgings. Pa nthawiyo, panalibe kubowola kufa kwa oblique dzenje processing wa valavu globe thupi, kotero izo zikanangobowoledwa ndi dzanja, ndiyeno kukonzedwa ndi fitter. Titagonjetsa zovuta zambiri, tidakwanitsa kupanga mayeso a NPS3 / 8 ~ NPS2 mavavu apakati apakati achitsulo ndi ma globe valves, omwe adalandiridwa bwino ndi ogwiritsa ntchito. Mu theka lachiwiri la 1952, Shanghai Yuanta, Zhongxin, Weiye, Lianggong ndi mafakitale ena adagwira ntchito yoyesa kupanga ndi kupanga mavavu achitsulo opangira mafuta. Panthawiyo, mapangidwe ndi miyezo ya Soviet idagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo akatswiri adaphunzira mwa kuchita, ndikugonjetsa zovuta zambiri pakupanga. Kupanga koyeserera kwa mavavu achitsulo ku Shanghai kudakonzedwa ndi Unduna wa Mafuta, komanso adapeza mgwirizano wamafakitale osiyanasiyana ku Shanghai. Asia Factory (yomwe tsopano ndi Shanghai Machine Repair Factory) inapereka zida zachitsulo zomwe zinakwaniritsa zofunikira, ndipo Sifang Boiler Factory inathandizira kuphulika. Mayesowo adapambana pakuyesa kuyesa kwa valavu yachitsulo, ndipo nthawi yomweyo adakonza zopanga zambiri ndikuzitumiza ku Yumen Oilfield kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito panthawi yake. Nthawi yomweyo, Shenyang Chengfa Iron Works ndi Shanghai Daxin Iron Works adaperekansoma valve otsikandi makulidwe okulirapo opangira magetsi, Anshan Iron and Steel Company kuti ayambirenso kupanga ndi kumanga matauni.
Panthawi yobwezeretsa chuma cha dziko, makampani opanga ma valve a dziko langa adakula mofulumira. Mu 1949, kutulutsa kwa valve kunali 387t kokha, komwe kunawonjezeka kufika ku 1015t mu 1952. Mwaukadaulo, yatha kupanga ma valve opangidwa ndi zitsulo ndi ma valve akuluakulu otsika kwambiri, omwe samangopereka ma valve ofananira kuti abwezeretse chuma cha dziko, koma ndikuyalanso maziko abwino a chitukuko chamtsogolo chamakampani a valve aku China.
02 Makampani opanga ma valve adayamba
Mu 1953, dziko langa linayamba ndondomeko yake yoyamba ya zaka zisanu, ndipo magawo a mafakitale monga mafuta, mafakitale a mankhwala, zitsulo, mphamvu zamagetsi ndi malasha zonse zinafulumizitsa chitukuko. Panthawi imeneyi, kufunika kwa ma valve kumachulukitsidwa. Panthaŵiyo, ngakhale kuti panali mafakitale ang’onoang’ono ochuluka ang’onoang’ono opanga ma valve, mphamvu yawo yaumisiri inali yofooka, zipangizo zawo zinali zachikale, mafakitale awo anali osavuta, masikelo awo anali aang’ono kwambiri, ndipo anali omwazikana kwambiri. Pofuna kukwaniritsa zofunikira za chitukuko chofulumira cha chuma cha dziko, Unduna Woyamba wa Makampani a Makina (wotchedwa Utumiki Woyamba wa Makina) ukupitiriza kukonzanso ndikusintha makampani oyambirira abizinesi ndikukulitsa kupanga ma valve. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pali ndondomeko ndi masitepe opangira msana ndi ma valve ofunikira. Enterprise, makampani opanga ma valve akudziko langa adayamba.
1. Kukonzanso kwa mafakitale achiwiri a valve ku Shanghai
Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa New China, Party idakhazikitsa ndondomeko ya "kugwiritsa ntchito, kuletsa ndi kusintha" kwa makampani a capitalist ndi malonda.
Zinapezeka kuti ku Shanghai kunali mafakitale ang'onoang'ono 60 kapena 70. Ikuluikulu mwa mafakitale amenewa inali ndi anthu 20 mpaka 30 okha, ndipo yaing’ono kwambiri inali ndi anthu ochepa. Ngakhale kuti mafakitale a valve awa amapanga ma valve, teknoloji yawo ndi kasamalidwe kawo ndi kumbuyo kwambiri, zipangizo ndi nyumba za fakitale ndizosavuta, ndipo njira zopangira ndi zosavuta. Ena amangokhala ndi lathe imodzi kapena ziwiri zosavuta kapena zida zamakina, ndipo pali ng'anjo zoponyera, zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamanja. , popanda luso la mapangidwe ndi zida zoyesera. Izi sizili zoyenera kupanga zamakono, komanso sizingakwaniritse zofunikira zopangira boma, ndipo n'zosatheka kulamulira ubwino wa mankhwala a valve. Kuti izi zitheke, boma la Shanghai Municipal People's Boma lapanga mgwirizano ndi opanga ma valve ku Shanghai, ndikukhazikitsa Shanghai Pipeline Switches No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, No. makampani apakati. Kuphatikiza zomwe tafotokozazi, kasamalidwe kapakati pazaukadaulo ndiukadaulo, zomwe zimagwirizanitsa bwino kasamalidwe kobalalika ndi chipwirikiti, motero kulimbikitsa kwambiri chidwi cha ogwira ntchito ambiri kuti amange socialism, uku ndiko kukonzanso kwakukulu kwamakampani a valve.
Pambuyo pa mgwirizano wapagulu ndi wamba mu 1956, makampani opanga ma valve ku Shanghai adasinthidwanso kachiwiri ndikukonzanso mafakitale pamlingo waukulu, ndipo makampani aukadaulo monga Shanghai Construction Hardware Company, Petroleum Machinery Parts Manufacturing Company ndi General Machinery Company adakhazikitsidwa. Kampani ya valve yomwe idagwirizana ndi mafakitale omangamanga idakhazikitsa Yuanda, Rongfa, Zhongxin, Weiye, Jinlong, Zhao Yongda, Tongxin, Fuchang, Wang Yingqi, Yunchang, Dehe, Jinfa, ndi Xie ndi dera. Pali mafakitale apakati a 20 ku Dalian, Yuchang, Deda, ndi zina zotero. Fakitale iliyonse yapakati ili ndi mafakitale angapo a satana pansi pa ulamuliro wake. Nthambi ya chipani ndi mgwirizano wa anthu ogwira ntchito m'midzi inakhazikitsidwa pakatikati. Boma lidapereka nthumwi za boma kuti aziyang'anira ntchito zoyang'anira, ndikukhazikitsanso mabungwe opanga, kupereka, ndi mabizinesi azachuma, ndipo pang'onopang'ono adakhazikitsa njira zoyendetsera ntchito zofananira ndi mabizinesi aboma. Nthawi yomweyo, dera la Shenyang lidaphatikizanso mafakitale ang'onoang'ono 21 kukhala ChengfaChipata cha ChipataFakitale. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, boma labweretsa kupanga mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati munjira yokonzekera dziko lonse kudzera m'mabungwe oyang'anira pamagulu onse, ndipo adakonza ndikukonzekera kupanga ma valve. Uku ndikusintha pakuwongolera kasamalidwe ka mabizinesi a valve kuyambira kukhazikitsidwa kwa New China.
2. Shenyang General Machinery Factory anasintha kupanga ma valve
Pa nthawi yomweyi monga kukonzanso kwa opanga ma valve ku Shanghai, Dipatimenti Yoyamba Yamakina inagawaniza kupanga zinthu za fakitale iliyonse yogwirizana, ndikulongosola za kayendetsedwe ka akatswiri a mafakitale ogwirizana ndi mafakitale akuluakulu a boma. Shenyang General Machinery Factory idasinthidwa kukhala katswiri wopanga ma valve. bizinesi. Omwe adatsogolera fakitaleyo anali ofesi yayikulu yamabizinesi akumtunda komanso fakitale yaku Japan yamakampani achinyengo a Dechang. Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa New China, fakitale idatulutsa zida zosiyanasiyana zamakina ndi zolumikizira mapaipi. Mu 1953, idayamba kupanga makina opangira matabwa. Mu 1954, pamene inali pansi pa ulamuliro wa Bungwe Loyamba la Utumiki Wamakina, inali ndi antchito 1,585 ndi magulu 147 a makina ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana. Ndipo ali ndi mphamvu yopanga zitsulo zotayidwa, ndipo mphamvu yaumisiri imakhala yamphamvu. Kuyambira 1955, kuti agwirizane ndi chitukuko cha dongosolo dziko, izo momveka anasintha kwa kupanga valavu, anamanganso choyambirira zitsulo, msonkhano, chida, kukonza makina ndi zitsulo kuponya misonkhano, anamanga latsopano riveting ndi kuwotcherera msonkhano, ndipo anakhazikitsa labotale yapakati ndi malo otsimikizira ma metrological. Akatswiri ena adasamutsidwa kuchokera ku Shenyang Pump Factory. Mu 1956, 837t wama valve otsikazinapangidwa, ndipo kupanga misa kwa mavavu apamwamba ndi apakatikati kunayamba. Mu 1959, ma valve 4213t anapangidwa, kuphatikizapo 1291t ya ma valve apamwamba ndi apakatikati. Mu 1962, idatchedwanso Shenyang High ndi Medium Pressure Valve Factory ndipo idakhala imodzi mwamabizinesi akuluakulu amsana pamakampani opanga ma valve.
3. Chimake choyamba cha kupanga ma valve
M'masiku oyambirira a kukhazikitsidwa kwa New China, kupanga ma valve a dziko langa kunathetsedwa makamaka ndi mgwirizano ndi nkhondo. Munthawi ya "Great Leap Forward", makampani opanga ma valve mdziko langa adakumana pachimake chake choyamba. Mavavu otulutsa: 387t mu 1949, 8126t mu 1956, 49746t mu 1959, 128.5 nthawi ya 1949, ndi 6.1 nthawi ya 1956 pamene mgwirizano wapakati pa anthu ndi wamba. Kupanga ma valve othamanga kwambiri ndi apakatikati kunayamba mochedwa, ndipo kupanga misa kunayamba mu 1956, ndikutulutsa kwapachaka kwa 175t. Mu 1959, zotsatira zake zinafika ku 1799t, zomwe zinali nthawi 10.3 kuposa za 1956. Kukula mofulumira kwa zomangamanga zadziko lonse kwalimbikitsa kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwa mafakitale a valve. Mu 1955, Shanghai Lianggong Valve Factory bwinobwino kuyesa Khrisimasi valavu mtengo kwa Yumen Oilfield; Shanghai Yuanda, Zhongxin, Weiye, Rongfa ndi mafakitale ena opangira makina opangidwa ndi zitsulo zopangidwa ndi zitsulo, zopangira zitsulo zapakatikati ndi ma valve othamanga kwambiri komanso kuthamanga mwadzina kwa minda yamafuta ndi feteleza Mavavu a feteleza apamwamba a PN160 ndi PN320; Shenyang General Machinery Factory ndi Suzhou Iron Factory (omwe adatsogolera Suzhou Valve Factory) adapanga bwino ma valve opanikizika kwambiri a fakitale ya feteleza ya Jilin Chemical Industry Corporation; Shenyang Chengfa Iron Factory idachita bwino kuyesa-valavu yamagetsi yamagetsi yokhala ndi kukula kwake kwa DN3000. Inali valavu yaikulu komanso yolemera kwambiri ku China panthawiyo; Shenyang General Machinery Factory idachita bwino kuyesa-kutulutsa ma valve apamwamba kwambiri okhala ndi kukula kwake kwa DN3 ~ DN10 ndi kukakamiza mwadzina kwa PN1500 ~ PN2000 pa chipangizo choyezera chapakati cha polyethylene; Shanghai Daxin Iron Factory yopangidwira makampani opanga zitsulo The valavu yotentha yotentha yotentha yokhala ndi kukula mwadzina kwa DN600 ndi valavu ya DN900; Dalian Valve Factory, Wafangdian Valve Factory, etc. apezanso chitukuko chofulumira. Kuwonjezeka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa ma valve kwalimbikitsa chitukuko cha mafakitale a valve. Makamaka ndi zofunikira zomanga zamakampani a "Great Leap Forward", mafakitale ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati a valve afalikira m'dziko lonselo. Pofika m'chaka cha 1958, makampani opanga ma valve a dziko anali ndi pafupifupi zana, kupanga gulu lalikulu lopanga ma valve. Mu 1958, kuchuluka kwa ma valve kunakwera kufika ku 24,163t, kuwonjezeka kwa 80% pa 1957; Panthawi imeneyi, kupanga ma valve m'dziko langa kunali pachimake chake choyamba. Komabe, chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa opanga ma valve, adabweretsanso zovuta zingapo. Mwachitsanzo: kungofuna kuchuluka, osati khalidwe; "kuchita zazing'ono ndikuchita zazikulu, njira zakomweko", kusowa kwaukadaulo; kupanga pamene mukuchita, kusowa kwa malingaliro oyenera; kukopera ndi kukopera, kubweretsa chisokonezo chaukadaulo. Chifukwa cha ndondomeko zawo zosiyana, aliyense ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mawu akuti ma valve sali ofanana m'malo osiyanasiyana, ndipo kukakamiza mwadzina ndi mndandanda wamtundu wodziwika bwino siwofanana. Mafakitale ena amatchula miyezo ya Soviet, ena amatchula miyezo ya ku Japan, ndipo ena amatchula miyezo ya ku America ndi Britain. Kusokonezeka kwambiri. Pankhani ya mitundu, mafotokozedwe, miyeso yolumikizana, kutalika kwa kapangidwe kake, miyeso yoyesera, miyeso yoyesera, zizindikiro za utoto, thupi ndi mankhwala, ndi kuyeza, ndi zina zambiri. Makampani ambiri amatengera njira yofananira imodzi "yofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa mipando", mtundu wamtunduwu. sizikutsimikiziridwa, zotuluka sizikukwera, ndipo phindu lazachuma silikuyenda bwino. Zomwe zinali panthawiyo zinali "zobalalika, zosokoneza, zochepa, ndi zochepa", ndiko kuti, mafakitale a valve omwazikana kulikonse, dongosolo lachisokonezo, kusowa kwa miyezo yogwirizana yaumisiri ndi ndondomeko, ndi khalidwe lochepa la mankhwala. Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, boma lidaganiza zokonza anthu oyenerera kuti achite kafukufuku wokhudza kupanga dziko lonsevalavumakampani.
4. Kafukufuku woyamba wa dziko lonse wopanga ma valve
Kuti adziwe momwe ma valve amapangidwira, mu 1958, Bungwe Loyamba ndi Lachitatu la Dipatimenti Yoyamba ya Machinery linapanga kafukufuku wa dziko lonse. Gulu lofufuzira lidapita kumadera a 4 ndi mizinda ya 24 kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China, North China, East China ndi Central South China kukafufuza mwatsatanetsatane pa mafakitale a 90 valve. Aka ndi kafukufuku woyamba wa ma valve mdziko lonse kuyambira pomwe dziko la People's Republic of China linakhazikitsidwa. Panthawiyo, kafukufukuyu adayang'ana opanga ma valve okhala ndi sikelo yokulirapo komanso mitundu yambiri komanso mawonekedwe, monga Shenyang General Machinery Factory, Shenyang Chengfa Iron Factory, Suzhou Iron Factory, ndi Dalian Valve. Factory, Beijing Hardware Material Factory (omwe adatsogolera Beijing Valve Factory), Wafangdian Valve Factory, Chongqing Valve Factory, opanga ma valve angapo ku Shanghai ndi Shanghai Pipeline Switch 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ndi 6 mafakitale, etc.
Kupyolera mu kafukufukuyu, mavuto akuluakulu omwe alipo pakupanga ma valve apezeka:
1) Kusakonzekera kwathunthu ndi kugawikana koyenera kwa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kupanga mobwerezabwereza komanso kukhudza mphamvu yopangira.
2) Miyezo yopangira ma valve si ogwirizana, zomwe zapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto lalikulu pakusankha ndi kukonza kwa wogwiritsa ntchito.
3) Maziko a kuyeza ndi ntchito yoyendera ndi osauka kwambiri, ndipo n'zovuta kutsimikizira ubwino wa mankhwala ma valve ndi kupanga misa.
Poyankha mavuto omwe ali pamwambawa, gulu lofufuzira lidapereka njira zitatu ku mautumiki ndi maofesi, kuphatikizapo kulimbikitsa ndondomeko yonse, kugawanitsa kwabwino kwa ogwira ntchito, ndi kulinganiza zokolola ndi malonda; kulimbikitsa kuyimitsidwa ndi ntchito yoyendera thupi ndi mankhwala, kupanga miyeso yolumikizana ya valve; ndikuchita kafukufuku woyesera. 1. Atsogoleri a 3rd Bureau adayika kufunikira kwakukulu kwa izi. Choyamba, iwo ankaganizira kwambiri ntchito standardization. Iwo adapatsa Machinery Manufacturing Technology Research Institute ya Unduna Woyamba wa Machinery kuti akonzekere opanga ma valve oyenerera kuti apange miyeso ya zida zamapaipi zoperekedwa ndi utumiki, zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa mumakampani mu 1961. bungweli lapanga ndikusindikiza "Buku Lopanga Mavavu". Miyezo yapaipi yapaipi yomwe unduna wapereka ndi gawo loyamba la miyezo ya ma valve m'dziko langa, ndipo "Buku Lopanga Mavavu" ndiye chidziwitso choyamba chaukadaulo chopangidwa ndi ife tokha, chomwe chathandiza kwambiri pakuwongolera kapangidwe ka ma valve. katundu m'dziko langa. Kupyolera mu kafukufuku wapadziko lonse, crux ya chitukuko cha mafakitale a valve m'dziko langa m'zaka zapitazi za 10 zadziwika, ndipo njira zothandiza komanso zogwira mtima zatengedwa kuti zithetseretu chisokonezo chotsanzira kupanga ma valve ndi kusowa kwa miyezo. Tekinoloje yopanga zinthu idapita patsogolo kwambiri ndipo idayamba kulowa mugawo latsopano lodzipangira nokha komanso bungwe lopanga zinthu zambiri.
03 Chidule
Kuchokera mu 1949 mpaka 1959, dziko langavalavumafakitale anachira msanga ku chisokonezo cha China wakale ndikuyamba kuyamba; kuyambira kukonza, kutsanzira mpaka kudzipangadchizindikiro ndi kupanga, kuchokera kupanga ma valve otsika kwambiri mpaka kupanga ma valve othamanga kwambiri ndi apakatikati, poyamba anapanga makampani opanga ma valve. Komabe, chifukwa cha kukula mofulumira kwa liwiro la kupanga, palinso mavuto ena. Popeza idaphatikizidwa mu ndondomeko ya dziko, pansi pa kayendetsedwe kapakati pa Utumiki Woyamba wa Machinery, chifukwa cha vutoli chapezeka kupyolera mu kufufuza ndi kufufuza, ndipo njira zothandiza komanso zogwira mtima zachitidwa kuti apange ma valve kuti apitirire. ndi liwiro la zomangamanga dziko chuma, ndi chitukuko cha mavavu makampani. Ndipo kupangidwa kwa mabungwe amakampani kwayala maziko abwino.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-27-2022
