Valavu ya gulugufeNdi mtundu wa valavu yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito gawo lotsegula ndi kutseka disc kuti ibwezeretse pafupifupi 90° kuti itsegule, kutseka kapena kusintha kuchuluka kwa madzi a sing'anga. Vavu ya gulugufe sikuti imangokhala ndi kapangidwe kosavuta, kukula kochepa, kulemera kopepuka, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochepa, kukula kochepa koyika, mphamvu yaying'ono yoyendetsera, kugwira ntchito kosavuta komanso mwachangu, komanso ili ndi ntchito yabwino yolamulira kuyenda kwa madzi ndi kutseka kutseka, ndipo ndi imodzi mwa mitundu ya mavavu yomwe ikukula mwachangu kwambiri m'zaka khumi zapitazi. Mavavu a gulugufe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Mitundu ndi kuchuluka kwa momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito kumapitilira kukula, ndikukula mpaka kutentha kwambiri, kuthamanga kwambiri, mainchesi akulu, kulimba kwambiri, moyo wautali, makhalidwe abwino kwambiri olamulira, komanso magwiridwe antchito ambiri a valavu imodzi. Kudalirika kwake ndi zizindikiro zina zogwirira ntchito zafika pamlingo wapamwamba.
Pogwiritsa ntchito rabala yopangidwa yolimbana ndi mankhwalamavavu a gulugufe, magwiridwe antchito amavavu a gulugufeyasinthidwa. Popeza mphira wopangidwa uli ndi makhalidwe monga kukana dzimbiri, kukana kukokoloka kwa nthaka, kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe, kulimba bwino, kupangika mosavuta, mtengo wotsika, ndi zina zotero, mphira wopangidwa wokhala ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana ukhoza kusankhidwa malinga ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito kuti ukwaniritse mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito yamavavu a gulugufe.
Popeza polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ili ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi dzimbiri, imagwira ntchito bwino, siikalamba mosavuta, imakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa, imakhala yosavuta kupanga, imakhala yokhazikika, ndipo imatha kukonza zinthu zake zonse podzaza ndi kuwonjezera zinthu zoyenera, zinthu zotsekera ma valve a gulugufe zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso mphamvu zochepa zotsutsana zimatha kupezeka, ndipo zofooka za mphira wopangidwa zimatha kuthetsedwa, kotero zinthu za polymeric za polymer zomwe zimayimiridwa ndi PTFE ndi zinthu zake zodzaza zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu valve ya gulugufe, kotero kuti magwiridwe antchito a valve ya gulugufe awonjezeka kwambiri.Ma valve a gulugufePopeza kutentha ndi kupanikizika kwake kwachuluka, ntchito yodalirika yotseka komanso nthawi yayitali yogwirira ntchito yapangidwa.
Pofuna kukwaniritsa zofunikira pa ntchito zamafakitale monga kutentha kwambiri ndi kotsika, kukokoloka kwamphamvu, komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali, ma valve a gulugufe otsekeredwa ndi zitsulo apangidwa kwambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito kukana kutentha kwambiri, kukana kutentha kochepa, kukana dzimbiri, kukana kukokoloka kwamphamvu, ndi zida zamphamvu kwambiri mu ma valve a gulugufe, ma valve a gulugufe otsekeredwa ndi zitsulo akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga kutentha kwakukulu ndi kotsika, kukokoloka kwamphamvu, komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali, ndipo ma valve a gulugufe okhala ndi mainchesi akuluakulu (9~750mm), kuthamanga kwambiri (42.0MPa) ndi kutentha kwakukulu (-196~606°C) awonekera, kotero kuti ukadaulo wa ma valve a gulugufe wafika pamlingo watsopano.
Vavu ya gulugufe ikatsegulidwa kwathunthu, imakhala ndi mphamvu yocheperako yolimbana ndi kuyenda kwa madzi. Pamene malo otseguka ali pakati pa 15°~70°, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito powongolera kuyenda kwa madzi mwachangu, kotero kugwiritsa ntchito vavu ya gulugufe n'kofala kwambiri pankhani yosintha kukula kwake.
Chifukwa cha kuyenda kopukutira kwa mbale ya gulugufe ya valavu ya gulugufe, mavalavu ambiri a gulugufe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa zolumikizira zokhala ndi zinthu zolimba zopachikidwa. Kutengera mphamvu ya chosindikizira, chingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pa zolumikizira za ufa ndi granular.
Ma valve a gulugufe ndi oyenera kulamulira kayendedwe ka madzi. Popeza kutayika kwa mphamvu ya valavu ya gulugufe mu chitoliro ndi kwakukulu, pafupifupi katatu kuposa valavu ya chipata, posankha valavu ya gulugufe, mphamvu ya kutayika kwa mphamvu ya dongosolo la mapaipi iyenera kuganiziridwa mokwanira, ndipo mphamvu ya mbale ya gulugufe kuti inyamule kupanikizika kwa malo olumikizira mapaipi ikatsekedwa iyeneranso kuganiziridwa. Kuphatikiza apo, malire a kutentha komwe zinthu za mpando wa elastomeric zimatha kuchitiridwa kutentha kwambiri ziyeneranso kuganiziridwa.
Vavu ya gulugufe ili ndi kutalika kochepa komanso kutalika konse, liwiro lotseguka ndi kutseka mwachangu, komanso makhalidwe abwino owongolera madzi. Mfundo ya kapangidwe ka mavavu a gulugufe ndi yoyenera kwambiri popanga mavavu akuluakulu. Ngati valavu ya gulugufe ikufunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito powongolera kuchuluka kwa madzi, ndikofunikira kusankha kukula koyenera ndi mtundu wa valavu ya gulugufe kuti igwire ntchito bwino komanso moyenera.
Kawirikawiri, mu throttling, regulation control ndi matope, kutalika kwa kapangidwe kake ndi kochepa, liwiro lotsegula ndi kutseka ndi lachangu, ndipo kudulidwa kwa mphamvu yochepa (kusiyana pang'ono kwa mphamvu) kumafunika, ndipo valavu ya gulugufe imalimbikitsidwa. Mavalavu a gulugufe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati pali kusintha kwa malo awiri, njira yocheperako ya mainchesi, phokoso lochepa, kutsekeka kwa cavitation ndi nthunzi, kutuluka pang'ono kwa madzi mumlengalenga, ndi zolumikizira zowononga. Pansi pa mikhalidwe yapadera yogwirira ntchito, kusintha kwa throttling, kapena kutseka mwamphamvu, kuwonongeka kwakukulu, kutentha kochepa (cryogenic) ndi mikhalidwe ina yogwirira ntchito.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-02-2024
