A.Kukhazikitsa ma valavu a chipata
Valavu ya chipata, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti valavu ya chipata, ndi valavu yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito chipata kuti ilamulire kutsegula ndi kutseka, ndipo imasintha kayendedwe ka payipi ndikutsegula ndi kutseka payipi posintha gawo lopingasa.Ma valve a chipata amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa mapaipi omwe amatsegula kapena kutseka bwino cholumikizira madzi. Kuyika ma valavu pachipata nthawi zambiri sikuyenera kuyendetsedwa, koma sikungathe kusinthidwa.
B.Kukhazikitsa kwadziko lonse lapansi valavu
Vavu yozungulira ndi valavu yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito diski ya valavu kuti ilamulire kutsegula ndi kutseka. Sinthani kayendedwe kapakati kapena dulani njira yapakati posintha mpata pakati pa diski ya valavu ndi mpando wa valavu, kutanthauza, kusintha kukula kwa gawo la njira. Mukayika valavu yotseka, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa komwe madzi akuyenda.
Mfundo yomwe iyenera kutsatiridwa poyika valavu yozungulira ndi yakuti madzi omwe ali mupaipi amadutsa mu dzenje la valavu kuchokera pansi kupita pamwamba, lomwe limadziwika kuti "low in and high out", ndipo sililoledwa kuyiyika chammbuyo.
C.Kukhazikitsa valavu yoyezera
Valavu yowunikira, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti check valve ndi one-way valve, ndi valavu yomwe imatseguka ndikutseka yokha chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kuthamanga pakati pa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa valavu. Ntchito yake ndikupangitsa kuti sing'anga iyende mbali imodzi yokha ndikuletsa sing'anga kuti isabwererenso mbali ina. Malinga ndi kapangidwe kawo kosiyana,ma valve owunikira kuphatikiza mtundu wa chokweza, mtundu wa swing ndi mtundu wa butterfly wafer. Valavu yoyezera chokweza imagawidwa m'magulu opingasa ndi oimirira. Mukakhazikitsavalavu yoyezera, chisamaliro chiyeneranso kuperekedwa ku kayendetsedwe ka madzi a sing'anga ndipo sichingaikidwe mobwerera m'mbuyo.
D.Kukhazikitsa valavu yochepetsera kuthamanga
Valavu yochepetsera kupanikizika ndi valavu yomwe imachepetsa kupanikizika kolowera ku mphamvu inayake yotulutsira mpweya kudzera mu kusintha, ndipo imadalira mphamvu ya cholumikiziracho kuti chisunge chokha kupanikizika kotulutsira mpweya kukhala kokhazikika.
1. Gulu la ma valavu ochepetsa kupanikizika lomwe limayikidwa molunjika nthawi zambiri limayikidwa pakhoma pamtunda woyenera kuchokera pansi; gulu la ma valavu ochepetsa kupanikizika lomwe limayikidwa mopingasa nthawi zambiri limayikidwa pa nsanja yogwirira ntchito yokhazikika.
2. Chitsulo chogwiritsidwa ntchito chimayikidwa pakhoma kunja kwa mavavu awiri owongolera (nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mavavu ozungulira) kuti apange bulaketi, ndipo chitoliro chodutsa chimamatiridwanso pa bulaketi kuti chikhale chofanana ndi chogwirizana.
3. Valavu yochepetsera kuthamanga kwa magazi iyenera kuyikidwa moyimirira pa payipi yopingasa, ndipo siyenera kukhala yopendekeka. Muvi womwe uli pa thupi la valavu uyenera kuloza komwe madzi akuyenda bwino, ndipo suyenera kuyikidwa chakumbuyo.
4. Ma valve ozungulira ndi ma gauge okwera komanso otsika a kuthamanga kwa mpweya ayenera kuyikidwa mbali zonse ziwiri kuti aone kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya asanayambe komanso atatha kugwiritsa ntchito valavu. M'mimba mwake mwa payipi yomwe ili kumbuyo kwa valavu yochepetsera kuthamanga kwa mpweya iyenera kukhala yayikulu ndi 2#-3# kuposa m'mimba mwake mwa payipi yolowera mpweya isanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito valavu, ndipo payipi yodutsa mpweya iyenera kuyikidwa kuti ikonzedwe.
5. Chitoliro choyezera kuthamanga kwa valavu yochepetsera kuthamanga kwa nembanemba chiyenera kulumikizidwa ku payipi yochepetsera kuthamanga. Mapaipi ochepetsera kuthamanga ayenera kukhala ndi mavavu oteteza kuti atsimikizire kuti dongosololi likugwira ntchito bwino.
6. Mukagwiritsa ntchito pochotsa nthunzi, chitoliro chotulutsira madzi chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Pa makina a mapaipi omwe amafunikira kuyeretsa kwakukulu, fyuluta iyenera kuyikidwa isanafike valavu yochepetsera kupanikizika.
7. Gulu la ma valavu ochepetsera kupanikizika litayikidwa, valavu yochepetsera kupanikizika ndi valavu yotetezera ziyenera kuyesedwa kupanikizika, kutsukidwa ndi kusinthidwa malinga ndi zofunikira pa kapangidwe, ndipo chizindikiro chosinthidwacho chiyenera kupangidwa.
8. Mukatsuka valavu yochepetsera kupanikizika, tsekani valavu yolowera ya chochepetsera kupanikizika ndikutsegula valavu yotsuka kuti mutsuke.
E.Kukhazikitsa misampha
Ntchito yaikulu ya msampha wa nthunzi ndikutulutsa madzi oundana, mpweya ndi mpweya wa carbon dioxide mu dongosolo la nthunzi mwachangu momwe zingathere; nthawi yomweyo, imatha kuletsa kutuluka kwa nthunzi kwambiri. Pali mitundu yambiri ya misampha, iliyonse ili ndi magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana.
1. Ma valve otseka (ma valve otseka) ayenera kuyikidwa musanayambe komanso mutatha, ndipo fyuluta iyenera kuyikidwa pakati pa msampha ndi valavu yotseka yakutsogolo kuti dothi lomwe lili m'madzi otsekedwa lisatseke msamphawo.
2. Chitoliro chowunikira chiyenera kuyikidwa pakati pa chotchingira nthunzi ndi valavu yotseka kumbuyo kuti muwone ngati chotchingira nthunzi chikugwira ntchito bwino. Ngati nthunzi yambiri yatuluka chitoliro chowunikira chitsegulidwa, zikutanthauza kuti chotchingira nthunzi chasweka ndipo chiyenera kukonzedwa.
3. Cholinga chokhazikitsa chitoliro chodutsa ndi kutulutsa madzi ambiri oundana panthawi yoyambira ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi otuluka mumsampha.
4. Pamene msampha ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kutulutsa madzi oundana a zipangizo zotenthetsera, uyenera kuyikidwa pansi pa zipangizo zotenthetsera, kuti chitoliro cha condensate chibwerere molunjika ku msampha wa nthunzi kuti madzi asasungidwe mu zipangizo zotenthetsera.
5. Malo oyikapo ayenera kukhala pafupi ndi malo otulutsira madzi. Ngati mtunda uli wautali kwambiri, mpweya kapena nthunzi zidzasonkhana mu chitoliro chopyapyala patsogolo pa msampha.
6. Ngati payipi yopingasa ya chitoliro chachikulu cha nthunzi ili yayitali kwambiri, vuto la kutayira madzi liyenera kuganiziridwa.
F.Kukhazikitsa valavu yotetezera
Valavu yotetezera ndi valavu yapadera yomwe ziwalo zotsegulira ndi zotsekera zimakhala zotsekedwa nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha mphamvu yakunja. Pamene kupanikizika kwa cholumikizira mu chipangizo kapena paipi kukukwera kupitirira mtengo womwe watchulidwa, kumatulutsira cholumikiziracho kunja kwa dongosolo kuti kupanikizika kwapakati mupaipi kapena chipangizocho kusapitirire mtengo womwe watchulidwa.
1. Musanayike, chinthucho chiyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala kuti muwone ngati pali satifiketi yotsimikizira kuti chikugwirizana ndi zomwe chilipo komanso buku la malangizo a chinthucho, kuti muwonetsetse kuti pali kupanikizika kosalekeza mukatuluka mufakitale.
2. Valavu yotetezera iyenera kuyikidwa pafupi momwe mungathere ndi nsanja kuti iwunikidwe ndi kukonzedwa.
3. Valavu yotetezera iyenera kuyikidwa moyimirira, cholumikiziracho chiyenera kutuluka kuchokera pansi kupita pamwamba, ndipo kuimirira kwa tsinde la vavu kuyenera kuwonedwa.
4. Muzochitika zachizolowezi, ma valve otseka sangakhazikitsidwe valavu yotetezera isanayambe komanso itatha kuti zitsimikizire kuti ndi yotetezeka komanso yodalirika.
5. Kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa valavu yotetezera: pamene sing'anga ili yamadzimadzi, nthawi zambiri imatulutsidwa mu payipi kapena mu dongosolo lotsekedwa; pamene sing'anga ili ya mpweya, nthawi zambiri imatulutsidwa kupita kumlengalenga wakunja;
6. Mafuta ndi mpweya nthawi zambiri zimatha kutulutsidwa mumlengalenga, ndipo potulukira chitoliro chotulutsira mpweya cha valavu yachitetezo chiyenera kukhala chokwera mamita 3 kuposa nyumba zozungulira zapamwamba kwambiri, koma zinthu zotsatirazi ziyenera kutulutsidwa mu dongosolo lotsekedwa kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo.
7. M'mimba mwake mwa chitoliro cha anthu muyenera kukhala wofanana ndi m'mimba mwake mwa chitoliro cholowera cha valavu; m'mimba mwake mwa chitoliro chotulutsira madzi sikuyenera kukhala wocheperapo kuposa m'mimba mwake mwa chitoliro chotulutsira madzi, ndipo chitoliro chotulutsira madzi chiyenera kutsogozedwa kunja ndikuyikidwa ndi chigongono, kuti chitoliro chotulutsira madzi chiyang'ane malo otetezeka.
8. Pamene valavu yotetezera yaikidwa, pamene kulumikizana pakati pa valavu yotetezera ndi zida ndi mapaipi kukutsegula cholumikizira, kukula kwa chotsegulira kuyenera kukhala kofanana ndi kukula kwa valavu yotetezera.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-10-2022
