Pali mitundu yambiri komanso mitundu yovuta yamavavu, makamaka kuphatikiza ma valve a chipata, ma valve a globe, ma valve a throttle, ma valve a gulugufe, ma valve a pulagi, ma valve a mpira, ma valve amagetsi, ma valve a diaphragm, ma valve owunikira, ma valve oteteza, ma valve ochepetsa kupanikizika, mivi ya nthunzi ndi ma valve otseka mwadzidzidzi, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ma valve a chipata, valavu ya globe, valavu ya throttle, valavu ya pulagi, valavu ya gulugufe, valavu ya mpira, valavu yowunikira, valavu ya diaphragm.
1 Valavu ya gulugufe
Valavu ya gulugufe ndi ntchito yotsegulira ndi kutseka mbale ya gulugufe yomwe ingathe kumalizidwa pozungulira 90° mozungulira mzere wokhazikika m'thupi la valavu. Valavu ya gulugufe ndi yaying'ono, yopepuka komanso yosavuta kupanga, ndipo ili ndi zigawo zochepa zokha. Ndipo imangofunika kuzungulira 90°; imatha kutsegulidwa ndikutsekedwa mwachangu, ndipo ntchitoyo ndi yosavuta. Valavu ya gulugufe ikatsegulidwa kwathunthu, makulidwe a mbale ya gulugufe ndiye okhawo omwe amakana pamene sing'anga ikuyenda m'thupi la valavu, kotero kutsika kwa kuthamanga komwe kumapangidwa ndi valavu kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, kotero imakhala ndi makhalidwe abwino owongolera kuyenda. Valavu ya gulugufe imagawidwa kukhala chisindikizo chofewa chokhazikika ndi chisindikizo cholimba chachitsulo. Valavu yotsekera yotanuka, mphete yotsekera ikhoza kuyikidwa pa thupi la valavu kapena kulumikizidwa kumphepete mwa diski, yokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino otsekera, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito potsekera, mapaipi apakati otayira mpweya ndi zinthu zowononga. Mavavu okhala ndi zisindikizo zachitsulo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi moyo wautali kuposa omwe ali ndi zisindikizo zotanuka, koma zimakhala zovuta kukwaniritsa kutseka kwathunthu. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zina pomwe kusintha kwakukulu kwa kuyenda ndi kutsika kwa kuthamanga kumafunikira magwiridwe antchito abwino otsekera. Zisindikizo zachitsulo zimatha kusintha kutentha kwambiri, pomwe zisindikizo zotanuka zimakhala ndi vuto lochepa chifukwa cha kutentha.
2Valavu ya chipata
Valavu ya chipata ndi valavu yomwe thupi lake lotsegula ndi kutseka (mbale ya valavu) imayendetsedwa ndi tsinde la valavu ndipo imayenda mmwamba ndi pansi pamwamba pa mpando wa valavu, womwe ungalumikize kapena kudula njira ya madzi. Poyerekeza ndi valavu ya globe, valavu ya chipata ili ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino otsekera, kukana madzi pang'ono, kuyesetsa kochepa kutsegula ndi kutseka, ndipo ili ndi magwiridwe antchito ena osinthira. Ndi imodzi mwa mavavu a block omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Choyipa chake ndichakuti kukula kwake ndi kwakukulu, kapangidwe kake ndi kovuta kuposa ka valavu ya globe, pamwamba pake potsekera ndi kosavuta kuvala, ndipo sikophweka kusamalira. Nthawi zambiri, sikoyenera kugwedezeka. Malinga ndi malo a ulusi pa tsinde la valavu ya chipata, imagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: mtundu wa ndodo yotseguka ndi mtundu wa ndodo yakuda. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a chipata, imatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: mtundu wa wedge ndi mtundu wofanana.
3 Valavu yowunikira
Valavu yofufuzira ndi valavu yomwe imatha kuletsa madzi kubwerera m'mbuyo. Chophimba cha valavu yofufuzira chimatsegulidwa chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa madzi, ndipo madziwo amatuluka kuchokera kumbali yolowera kupita kumbali yotulutsira madzi. Pamene kuthamanga kwa mbali yolowera kuli kotsika kuposa komwe kuli kumbali yotulutsira madzi, chophimba cha valavu chimatseka chokha chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwa madzi, mphamvu yake yokoka ndi zinthu zina kuti madziwo asayende mmbuyo. Malinga ndi kapangidwe kake, imatha kugawidwa m'magawo a valavu yowunikira yokweza ndi valavu yowunikira yozungulira. Mtundu wokweza uli ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino otsekera komanso kukana madzi kwambiri kuposa mtundu wa swing. Pa doko loyatsira la chitoliro choyatsira cha pampu, valavu yapansi iyenera kusankhidwa. Ntchito yake ndikudzaza chitoliro cholowera cha pampu ndi madzi musanayambe pampu; kusunga chitoliro cholowera ndi thupi la pampu zitadzazidwa ndi madzi pampu itayimitsidwa, kuti mukonzekere kuyambiranso. Valavu yapansi nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pa payipi yoyima ya pompu, ndipo yapakati imayenda kuchokera pansi kupita pamwamba.
Valavu ya Globe 4
Vavu yozungulira ndi valavu yotsekedwa pansi, ndipo chotsegulira ndi kutseka (valavu) chimayendetsedwa ndi tsinde la valavu kuti chiyende mmwamba ndi pansi motsatira mzere wa mpando wa valavu (malo otsekera). Poyerekeza ndi valavu yolowera, ili ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino osinthira, magwiridwe antchito osatseka bwino, kapangidwe kosavuta, kapangidwe kosavuta komanso koyenera, kukana madzimadzi ambiri komanso mtengo wotsika.
Valavu ya mpira 5
Gawo lotsegulira ndi kutseka la valavu ya mpira ndi bwalo lozungulira lozungulira, ndipo bwaloli limazungulira ndi tsinde la valavu kuti litsegule ndi kutseka kwa valavu. Vavu ya mpira ili ndi kapangidwe kosavuta, kusintha mwachangu, kugwira ntchito mosavuta, kukula kochepa, kulemera kopepuka, zigawo zochepa, kukana madzi pang'ono, kugwira ntchito bwino kotseka komanso kukonza kosavuta.
6 Valavu yotsekera
Kapangidwe ka valavu yotsekereza mpweya ndi kofanana ndi ka valavu yozungulira kupatula valavu yotsekereza mpweya. Vavu yotsekereza mpweya ndi gawo lotsekereza mpweya, ndipo mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ali ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana. M'mimba mwake mwa mpando wa valavu sayenera kukhala waukulu kwambiri, chifukwa kutalika kwa malo otseguka ndi kochepa. Kuthamanga kwapakati kumawonjezeka, kotero kumathandizira kuwonongeka kwa valavu yotsekereza mpweya. Vavu yotsekereza mpweya ili ndi miyeso yaying'ono, kulemera kopepuka komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino osinthira, koma kulondola kosinthira sikokwera kwambiri.
7 Valavu yolumikizira
Vavu yolumikizira imagwiritsa ntchito thupi la pulagi yokhala ndi dzenje lotulukira ngati gawo lotsegulira ndi kutseka, ndipo thupi la pulagi limazungulira ndi tsinde la valavu kuti litsegule ndi kutseka kwa valavu. Vavu yolumikizira ili ndi ubwino wa kapangidwe kosavuta, kusinthana mwachangu, kugwira ntchito mosavuta, kukana madzi pang'ono, zigawo zochepa komanso kulemera kopepuka. Pali mavavu olumikizira olunjika, atatu ndi anayi. Vavu yolumikizira yolunjika imagwiritsidwa ntchito kudula sing'anga, ndipo mavavu olumikizira olunjika atatu ndi anayi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha njira ya sing'anga kapena kugawa sing'anga.
8 Valavu ya diaphragm
Gawo lotsegulira ndi kutseka la valavu ya diaphragm ndi diaphragm ya rabara, yomwe imayikidwa pakati pa thupi la valavu ndi chivundikiro cha valavu. Gawo lapakati lotulukira la diaphragm limakhazikika pa tsinde la valavu, ndipo thupi la valavu limakutidwa ndi rabala. Popeza cholumikiziracho sichilowa mkati mwa chivundikiro cha valavu, tsinde la valavu silifunikira bokosi lodzaza. Vavu ya diaphragm ili ndi kapangidwe kosavuta, magwiridwe antchito abwino otsekera, kusamalitsa kosavuta komanso kukana madzi pang'ono. Mavavu a diaphragm amagawidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mitundu yolunjika, mtundu wa ngodya yakumanja ndi mtundu wa kuyenda mwachindunji.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-12-2022
