1. Mukuponyera chiyani
Chitsulo chamadzimadzi chimathiridwa mutseke la nkhungu wokhala ndi mawonekedwe a gawo, ndipo pambuyo pake chimalimbikitsidwa, gawo limodzi ndi mawonekedwe ena, kukula ndi mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake amapezeka. Zinthu zitatu zazikulu: Aloy, makatoni, kutsanulira ndi kulimbikitsa. Ubwino waukulu kwambiri: Zigawo zovuta zitha kupangidwa.
2. Kukula kwa Kuponyera
Kupanga kunayamba kumayamba m'ma 1930s pogwiritsa ntchito makina a chibayo komanso njira zopangira zamchenga.
Mndandanda wa simenti wa simenti udawonekera mu 1933
Mu 1944, malo owuma ozizira a Sheel Stell Shell awonekera
CO2 HARD HARD GRAM SUMN MUBAD idawonekera mu 1947
Mu 1955, matenthedwe ophatikizika a Sheelt Shell Shell awonekera
Mu 1958, furan imasandulika mchenga wamchenga
Mu 1967, simenti yotentha yamchenga idawonekera
Mu 1968, magalasi amadzi omwe ali ndi organic Harnic adawonekera
M'zaka 50 zapitazi, njira zatsopano zopangira zoumba za njira zakuthupi, monga: Njira ya Magnetic Pellet, njira yopumira yopumira, ndi zina zolaula zokhudzana ndi nkhungu. Monga centrifugal kutupa, kupsinjika kwakukulu, kupanikizika kochepa podutsa, madzi odutsa, etc.
3. Zojambula
A. Kusintha kwakukulu komanso kusinthasintha. Zinthu zonse zachitsulo. Kuponyera sikungokhala ndi kulemera kwake, kukula ndi mawonekedwe a gawo. Kulemera kumatha kuchokera kwa magalamu angapo kumatani matani, khoma la khoma likhoza kukhala lochokera ku 0.3mm mpaka 1m, ndipo mawonekedwe akhoza kukhala magawo ovuta kwambiri.
B. Ambiri mwa zidutswa zaiwisi ndi zothandizira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimasokonekera komanso zotsika mtengo, monga mchenga.
C. Mitengo imatha kusintha kulondola pang'ono komanso mtundu wanyumba yopumira kudzera muukadaulo wopitilira, kuti ziwalo zitha kudulidwa pang'ono komanso osadula.
Post Nthawi: Aug-11-2022
