Valve ngati chida chabadwa kwa zaka masauzande ambiri

Valavundi chida chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza ndi kuwongolera mpweya ndi madzi chomwe chakhalapo kwa zaka zosachepera chikwi.

Pakadali pano, mu dongosolo la mapaipi amadzimadzi, valavu yowongolera ndiye chinthu chowongolera, ndipo ntchito yake yayikulu ndikupatula zida ndi dongosolo la mapaipi, kuwongolera kuyenda, kupewa kubwerera kwa madzi, kuwongolera ndikutulutsa kuthamanga. Popeza ndikofunikira kwambiri kusankha valavu yowongolera yoyenera kwambiri pa dongosolo la mapaipi, ndikofunikiranso kumvetsetsa makhalidwe a valavu ndi masitepe ndi maziko osankhira valavu.

Kupanikizika kwapadera kwa valavu

Kupanikizika kwapadera kwa valavu kumatanthauza kapangidwe ka kupanikizika komwe kaperekedwa kokhudzana ndi mphamvu ya makina a zigawo za mapaipi, ndiko kuti, ndi kupsinjika kovomerezeka kwa valavu pa kutentha komwe kwatchulidwa, komwe kumagwirizana ndi zinthu za valavu. Kupanikizika kogwira ntchito sikofanana, chifukwa chake, kupanikizika kwapadera ndi gawo lomwe limadalira zinthu za valavu ndipo limagwirizana ndi kutentha kovomerezeka kwa ntchito ndi kupsinjika kogwira ntchito kwa zinthuzo.

Valavu ndi malo omwe ali mu dongosolo lozungulira mpweya kapena dongosolo lopanikizika, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha kayendedwe ka mpweya kapena kuthamanga kwa mpweya. Ntchito zina zimaphatikizapo kuzimitsa kapena kuyatsa magetsi, kuwongolera kayendedwe ka madzi, kusintha njira yolowera mpweya, kuletsa kayendedwe ka madzi kubwerera, komanso kuwongolera kapena kutulutsa mpweya.

Ntchito zimenezi zimachitika mwa kusintha malo otsekerera valavu. Kusinthaku kungachitike pamanja kapena paokha. Kugwira ntchito ndi manja kumaphatikizaponso kugwira ntchito yowongolera dalaivala pamanja. Mavalavu oyendetsedwa ndi manja amatchedwa mavalavu amanja. Vavu yomwe imaletsa kubwerera m'mbuyo imatchedwa valavu yowunikira; yomwe imalamulira kuthamanga kwa mpweya imatchedwa valavu yoteteza kapena valavu yoteteza mpweya.

Mpaka pano, makampani opanga ma valve akwanitsa kupanga mitundu yonse yamavavu a chipata, ma valve a globe, ma valve a throttle, ma valve a plug, ma valve a mpira, ma valve amagetsi, ma valve owongolera diaphragm, ma valve owunikira, ma valve oteteza, ma valve ochepetsa kupanikizika, zotchingira nthunzi ndi ma valve otseka mwadzidzidzi. Zogulitsa za ma valve zamagulu 12, mitundu yoposa 3000, ndi ma specifications opitilira 4000; kuthamanga kwakukulu kogwira ntchito ndi 600MPa, m'mimba mwake wapamwamba kwambiri ndi 5350mm, kutentha kwakukulu kogwira ntchito ndi 1200℃, kutentha kochepa kogwira ntchito ndi -196℃, ndipo njira yoyenera ndi Madzi, nthunzi, mafuta, gasi wachilengedwe, zinthu zowononga kwambiri (monga nitric acid yokhazikika, sulfuric acid yokhazikika, ndi zina zotero).

Samalani kusankha ma valavu:

1. Pofuna kuchepetsa kuya kwa nthaka yophimba payipi,valavu ya gulugufenthawi zambiri amasankhidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pa payipi yayikulu; vuto lalikulu la valavu ya gulugufe ndilakuti mbale ya gulugufe imakhala m'mbali mwa madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mutu utayike kwambiri;

2. Ma valve achizolowezi amaphatikizapomavavu a gulugufe, mavavu a chipata, ma valve a mpira ndi ma valve olumikizira, ndi zina zotero. Mitundu ya ma valve omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu netiweki yoperekera madzi iyenera kuganiziridwa posankha.

3. Kuponya ndi kukonza ma valve a mpira ndi ma valve a pulagi ndi kovuta komanso kokwera mtengo, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala koyenera mapaipi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakati. Valve ya mpira ndi valavu ya pulagi zimasunga ubwino wa valavu imodzi ya chipata, kukana kuyenda kwa madzi pang'ono, kutseka kodalirika, kuchita zinthu mosinthasintha, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino komanso kukonza. Valve ya pulagi ilinso ndi zabwino zofanana, koma gawo lodutsa madzi si bwalo langwiro.

4. Ngati sizikhudza kwambiri kuya kwa nthaka yophimba, yesani kusankha valavu ya chipata; kutalika kwa valavu ya chipata chamagetsi ya valavu ya chipata chachikulu yolunjika kumakhudza kuya kwa payipi yophimba nthaka, ndipo kutalika kwa valavu ya chipata chachikulu yopingasa kumawonjezera malo opingasa omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi payipiyo ndikukhudza kapangidwe ka mapaipi ena;

5. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ukadaulo wopangira zinthu, kugwiritsa ntchito utomoni wothira mchenga kungapewe kapena kuchepetsa kukonza kwa makina, motero kuchepetsa ndalama, kotero kuthekera kwa ma valve a mpira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapaipi akuluakulu ndikofunikira kufufuza. Ponena za mzere wolekanitsa kukula kwa caliber, uyenera kuganiziridwa ndikugawidwa malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili.