Monga kampani yowongolera kuipitsa madzi, ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya fakitale yoyeretsa zinyalala ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinyalalazo zikukwaniritsa miyezo. Komabe, chifukwa cha miyezo yokhwima yotulutsa madzi komanso kulimba mtima kwa oyang'anira kuteteza chilengedwe, zabweretsa mavuto aakulu pafakitale yoyeretsa zinyalala. Zikuvuta kwambiri kutulutsa madziwo.
Malinga ndi zomwe wolembayo adawona, chifukwa chenicheni chomwe chikuchititsa kuti pakhale vuto loti madzi azituluka ndichakuti nthawi zambiri pamakhala zinthu zitatu zoopsa m'malo opangira zimbudzi mdziko langa.
Choyamba ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ochotsa phosphorous omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo kuchuluka kwa matope omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumawonjezeka; chachiwiri ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ochotsa phosphorous omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matope atuluke kwambiri; chachitatu ndi malo ochizira zinyalala omwe amagwira ntchito nthawi yayitali. Zipangizo sizingakonzedwenso, zomwe zimagwira ntchito ndi matenda chaka chonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinyalala zichepe kwambiri.
#1
Kuzungulira koipa kwa ntchito yochepa ya matope ndi kuchuluka kwa matope ambiri
Pulofesa Wang Hongchen wachita kafukufuku pa malo 467 osungira zimbudzi. Tiyeni tiwone deta ya momwe matope amagwirira ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwa matope: Pakati pa malo 467 osungira zimbudzi, 61% ya malo osungira zimbudzi ali ndi MLVSS/MLSS yochepera 0.5, pafupifupi 30% ya malo osungira zimbudzi ali ndi MLVSS/MLSS yochepera 0.4.
Kuchuluka kwa matope a 2/3 ya malo oyeretsera zinyalala kumapitirira 4000 mg/L, kuchuluka kwa matope a 1/3 ya malo oyeretsera zinyalala kumapitirira 6000 mg/L, ndipo kuchuluka kwa matope a malo 20 oyeretsera zinyalala kumapitirira 10000 mg/L.
Kodi zotsatira za mikhalidwe yomwe ili pamwambapa ndi ziti? Ngakhale kuti taona nkhani zambiri zaukadaulo zomwe zimasanthula zoona, koma mwachidule, pali zotsatirapo chimodzi, ndiko kuti, kutulutsa madzi kumaposa muyezo.
Izi zitha kufotokozedwa kuchokera mbali ziwiri. Kumbali imodzi, matope akakhala ambiri, kuti tipewe kuyika matope, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera mpweya. Kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa mpweya sikungowonjezera mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito, komanso kumawonjezera gawo la zamoyo. Kuwonjezeka kwa mpweya wosungunuka kudzachotsa gwero la kaboni lofunikira kuti matope achotsedwe, zomwe zidzakhudza mwachindunji matope ndi phosphorous kuchotsa mphamvu ya dongosolo la zamoyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti N ndi P zikhale zambiri.
Kumbali inayi, kuchuluka kwa matope ambiri kumapangitsa kuti malo olumikizirana ndi madzi a matope akwere, ndipo matopewo amathawa mosavuta ndi madzi otuluka mu thanki yachiwiri ya sedimentation, zomwe zingatseke chipangizo chothandizira kwambiri kapena kupangitsa kuti madzi otuluka COD ndi SS apitirire muyezo.
Tikamaliza kukambirana za zotsatira zake, tiyeni tikambirane chifukwa chake malo ambiri otayira zinyalala ali ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa matope komanso kuchuluka kwa matope ambiri.
Ndipotu, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa matope ambiri ndi kuchepa kwa ntchito ya matope. Chifukwa chakuti ntchito ya matope ndi yochepa, kuti pakhale zotsatira zabwino pa chithandizo, kuchuluka kwa matope kuyenera kuwonjezeka. Kuchepa kwa ntchito ya matope kumachitika chifukwa chakuti madzi othamanga ali ndi mchenga wambiri wa matope, womwe umalowa mu chipangizo chochiritsira chachilengedwe ndikuwunjikana pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimakhudza ntchito ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Muli zinyalala zambiri ndi mchenga m'madzi omwe akubwera. Choyamba ndi chakuti mphamvu ya grille yotseka ndi yotsika kwambiri, ndipo china ndi chakuti malo opitilira 90% oyeretsera zinyalala m'dziko langa sanamange matanki oyambira a sedimentation.
Anthu ena angafunse kuti, bwanji osamanga thanki yoyamba ya sedimentation? Izi zikunena za netiweki ya mapaipi. Pali mavuto monga kusagwirizana, kulumikizana kosakanikirana, komanso kusowa kwa kulumikizana mu netiweki ya mapaipi mdziko langa. Chifukwa chake, khalidwe la madzi ofunikira m'malo otayira madzi nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi zinthu zitatu: kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa zinthu zosapanga dzimbiri (ISS), COD yochepa, ndi chiŵerengero cha C/N chochepa.
Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopanda chilengedwe m'madzi okhudzidwa ndi kwakukulu, kutanthauza kuti, kuchuluka kwa mchenga kumakhala kwakukulu. Poyamba, thanki yoyamba ya sedimentation ingathe kuchepetsa zinthu zina zopanda chilengedwe, koma chifukwa COD ya madzi okhudzidwa ndi yochepa, malo ambiri otayira zinyalala samangomanga thanki yoyamba ya sedimentation.
Pomaliza, kuchepa kwa matope ndi cholowa cha "zomera zolemera ndi maukonde opepuka".
Tanena kuti kuchuluka kwa matope ambiri komanso kuchepa kwa ntchito kumabweretsa kuchuluka kwa N ndi P m'madzi otuluka. Pakadali pano, njira zoyankhira zomwe mafakitale ambiri a zimbudzi amachita ndikuwonjezera magwero a kaboni ndi zinthu zopanda organic flocculants. Komabe, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kaboni wakunja kudzapangitsa kuti mphamvu igwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri, pomwe kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa flocculant kudzapanga kuchuluka kwa mankhwala otuluka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchuluka kwa matope kuchuluke komanso kuchepa kwa ntchito ya matope, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mzere woipa.
#2
Mzere wozungulira momwe mankhwala ochotsera phosphorous omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amakhala ochuluka, matope amapangidwa kwambiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochotsera phosphorous kwawonjezera kupanga matope ndi 20% mpaka 30%, kapena kuposerapo.
Vuto la matope lakhala likudetsa nkhawa kwambiri mafakitale oyeretsera zinyalala kwa zaka zambiri, makamaka chifukwa chakuti palibe njira yotulukira matopewo, kapena njira yotulukirayo ndi yosakhazikika.
Izi zimapangitsa kuti matope ayambe kukalamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matope ayambe kukalamba, komanso zinthu zina zoopsa kwambiri monga matope ambiri.
Dothi lofutukuka silikuyenda bwino. Pamene madzi otuluka mu thanki yachiwiri ya sedimentation atatayika, chipangizo choyeretsera chapamwamba chimatsekedwa, mphamvu ya chithandizo imachepa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa madzi otsukira kumbuyo kumawonjezeka.
Kuwonjezeka kwa madzi otsukira kumbuyo kudzabweretsa zotsatira ziwiri, chimodzi ndikuchepetsa zotsatira za chithandizo cha gawo lakale la biochemical.
Madzi ambiri otsukira kumbuyo amabwezedwa ku thanki yolowetsa mpweya, zomwe zimachepetsa nthawi yeniyeni yosungira madzi m'nyumbamo ndikuchepetsa zotsatira za chithandizo chachiwiri;
Chachiwiri ndi kuchepetsa kwambiri mphamvu ya chipangizo choyezera kuya kwa zinthu.
Popeza madzi ambiri otsukira kumbuyo ayenera kubwezeretsedwa ku makina oyeretsera apamwamba, kuchuluka kwa kusefera kumawonjezeka ndipo mphamvu yeniyeni yosefera imachepa.
Zotsatira zonse za chithandizo zimakhala zochepa, zomwe zingapangitse kuti phosphorous ndi COD zonse zomwe zili m'madzi zipitirire muyezo. Pofuna kupewa kupitirira muyezo, malo oyeretsera zinyalala adzagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochotsera phosphorous, zomwe zidzawonjezera kuchuluka kwa matope.
kulowa mu bwalo loipa.
#3
Kuchuluka kwa malo oyeretsera zinyalala kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kuchepa kwa mphamvu yoyeretsera zinyalala
Kusamalira zinyalala sikudalira anthu okha, komanso zida.
Zipangizo za zimbudzi zakhala zikulimbana ndi kutsuka madzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Ngati sizikonzedwa nthawi zonse, mavuto amabuka posachedwa. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, zida za zimbudzi sizingakonzedwe, chifukwa zida zina zikangoyima, madzi otuluka amatha kupitirira muyezo. Pansi pa dongosolo la chindapusa cha tsiku ndi tsiku, aliyense sangakwanitse.
Pakati pa malo 467 oyeretsera zinyalala m'mizinda omwe Pulofesa Wang Hongchen adafufuza, pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa atatu ali ndi mphamvu ya hydraulic yoposa 80%, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu opitilira 120%, ndipo malo 5 oyeretsera zinyalala ndi opitilira 150%.
Ngati kuchuluka kwa madzi m'madzi kuli koposa 80%, kupatulapo malo ochepa oyeretsera madzi a zinyalala akuluakulu, malo ambiri oyeretsera madzi a zinyalala sangatseke madziwo kuti asamalire chifukwa chakuti madzi a zinyalalawo afika pamlingo woyenera, ndipo palibe madzi ena owonjezera oyeretsera madzi ndi thanki yachiwiri yoyeretsera madzi ndi zokokera. Zipangizo zotsika zimatha kukonzedwanso kapena kusinthidwa kokha zikachotsedwa madzi.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti, pafupifupi 2/3 ya malo oyeretsera zinyalala sangathe kukonza zipangizozi pongofuna kuonetsetsa kuti zinyalalazo zikukwaniritsa muyezo.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa Pulofesa Wang Hongchen, nthawi yogwira ntchito ya makina opumulira mpweya nthawi zambiri imakhala zaka 4-6, koma gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a malo otayira zinyalala sanachite kukonza mpweya wotuluka pa makina opumulira mpweya kwa zaka 6. Chotsukira matope, chomwe chikufunika kuchotsedwa madzi ndi kukonzedwa, nthawi zambiri sichikonzedwa chaka chonse.
Zipangizozi zakhala zikugwira ntchito chifukwa cha matenda kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo mphamvu yoyeretsera madzi ikuipiraipira. Pofuna kupirira kupanikizika kwa madzi otuluka, palibe njira yoti zithetsedwe kuti zikonzedwe. Pa nthawi yovuta ngati imeneyi, nthawi zonse padzakhala njira yoyeretsera madzi otayira yomwe idzagwa.
#4
lembani kumapeto
Pambuyo poti chitetezo cha chilengedwe chakhazikitsidwa ngati mfundo yayikulu ya dziko langa, minda yamadzi, gasi, nthaka yolimba, ndi zina zoletsa kuipitsa inakula mofulumira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti gawo la kuyeretsa zinyalala ndilo likutsogolera. Kusakwanira kwa mulingo, ntchito ya fakitale ya zinyalala yagwa m'mavuto, ndipo vuto la netiweki ya mapaipi ndi matope lakhala zofooka ziwiri zazikulu zamakampani oyeretsa zinyalala mdziko langa.
Ndipo tsopano, nthawi yakwana yoti tibwezeretse zofookazo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-23-2022
