Kodi gulugufe wa gulugufe ndi chiyani?

AGulugufe wa Gulugufeadapangidwa ku United States m'ma 1930s. Adayambitsidwa ku Japan m'ma 1950 ndipo sanali kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Japan mpaka 1960s. Sizinatchuka mdziko langa mpaka 1970s. Mawonekedwe akuluakulu a mavalo a gulugufe ndi awa: Town To Totque Yogwira, malo ang'onoang'ono okhazikitsa ndi kulemera. Kutenga dn1000 monga chitsanzo, aGulugufe wa Gulugufepafupifupi 2t, pomwepachipataili pafupi 3.5t. AGulugufe wa Gulugufendizosavuta kuphatikiza ndi zida zingapo zoyendetsa ndipo zimakhala ndi zodalirika komanso kudalirika. Choyipa cha mavalo a rabart ndichakuti akagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choponyera, patayala idzachitika chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika, ndikupangitsa kuti mpando wa mphira kuti athetse ndikuwonongeka. Chifukwa chake, momwe mungasankhire moyenera zimatengera ntchito. Ubale pakati pa kutseguka kwa valavu ya gulugufe ndi kuchuluka kwake kumakhala kochepa. Ngati itagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kuchuluka kwake, mawonekedwe ake oyenda amakhalanso ogwirizana kwambiri ndi kuwaza kwa bomba. Mwachitsanzo, ngati valavu yokhala ndi mawonekedwe awiriwa ali ofanana, koma ma piver adataya makanema osiyanasiyana ndi osiyana, valavu yoyenda idzakhala yosiyananso. Ngati valavu ili mu matalikidwe akuluakulu osalala, cavitation imakonda kuchitika kumbuyo kwa mbale ya valavu, yomwe ingawononge valavu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunja kwa 15 °. PameneGulugufe wa GulugufeAli pamtunda wapakati, mawonekedwe otseguka omwe amapangidwa ndi thupi la valavu ndipo kumapeto kwa mbale ya gulugufe kumakhazikika pa shaft, ndipo mayiko osiyanasiyana amapangidwa mbali zonse ziwiri. Kutsogolo kwa mbale ya gulugufe mbali imodzi kumayenda molowera madzi, ndipo mbali inayo imayenda molowera kumadzi. Chifukwa chake, thupi la valavu ndi mbale ya valavu mbali imodzi imakhala yotseguka-yowoneka bwino, ndipo mbali inayo ndi yofanana ndi kutsegulira kowoneka ngati kolona. Mbali yamwazi ili ndi mtengo wothamanga kwambiri kuposa mbali imodzi yopanda kanthu, ndipo kukakamizidwa kolakwika kumapangidwa pansi pa valavu mbali ya pansi, ndipo chisindikizo cha mphira chimatha. Torque yogwira ntchito yaGulugufe wa Gulugufezimasiyanasiyana chifukwa cha zotseguka zosiyanasiyana komanso njira zotsegulira valavu. Torque yomwe idapangidwa ndi kusiyana pakati pa mitu yamadzi yamtunda ndi m'munsi mwa valavu ya gulugufe, makamaka valavu yayikulu, chifukwa cha kuya kwa madzi, sikunganyalanyazidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, pomwe matalala amaikidwa pachipinda cholowa cha valavu, kuyenda kwa kiya kumapangidwa, ndipo torque imakula. Valavu ikatsegulidwa pakati, makina ogwiritsira ntchito akuyenera kukhala odzitchinjiriza chifukwa cha zomwe zimayenda m'madzi.

China ili ndi maunyolo ambiri a valve, koma si mphamvu yamphamvu. Nthawi zambiri, dziko langa lalowa m'magulu a ngwazi padziko lonse lapansi, koma malinga ndi mtundu wazogulitsa, dziko langa limakhalabe ndi mphamvu. Makampaniwo ali ndi mwayi wochepa wopanga mavu ambiri ofananira ndi zinthu zomaliza, komanso kuchuluka kwaukadaulo wotsika mu makampani ogulitsa valavu, ndipo kuperewera kwa kunja komanso kutumiza kunja kumapitilirabe kukulitsa. Palibe makampani ambiri a winidzi omwe amatha kupulumuka pamsika. Komabe, kunjenjemera kwambiri kwambiri pamakampani valavu kumabweretsa mipata yayikulu, ndipo chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kumapangitsa kuti msika ukhale wololera. Njira yopita kudera lamatamba omaliza ndi "yopumira". Zigawo zoyambirira zakhala zotsika zomwe zimaletsa kukula kwa makampani omwe amapanga dziko langa kuti ithe. M'dongosolo la zaka 12, boma lipitilira kuwonjezera madera omaliza. Pano timasankha zochitika zingapo zazikulu mu "pulani yokhazikika" ndi mafakitale oimira mafakitale osowa kwambiri pakuwunika kwa kulowetsa. Kuchokera pakuwunikira, zitha kuwoneka kuti kuthekera kwa mavesi a mavesi osiyanasiyana mafakitale osiyanasiyana amasiyanasiyana, ndipo zigwa zomaliziro zimafunikira malangizo anzeru ambiri komanso kafukufuku wasayansi.

Makampani abwino amagwira gawo lofunikira kwambiri monga cholumikizira chofunikira mu zida zomwe amapanga pokonza zachuma. Popeza kuchuluka kwa makampani omwe ali paukadaulo wadziko lamphamvu kudalipo kudali kutali kwambiri ndi gawo lapadziko lonse lapansi, kiyi yambirimavuvuNdi magawo okwera, kutentha kwambiri komanso kukakamizidwa kwambiri, komanso kuchuluka kwa mapaundi kuchuluka nthawi zonse kumadalira kunja. Mwachitsanzo, ku Europe Back Brand yakhala chisankho chachikulu cha makampani ogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zantchito. Pofuna kulimbikitsa ma valves a mavule, bungwe la boma litapereka "malingaliro angapo pakuthamangitsa Revied wa Makampani Opanga zida" Kutsogozedwa ndi Development Expsion ndi Reform Commission Makampani Akampani AnzathunthuvalavuDongosolo lakomweko la zida zazikulu paminda yokhudzana, ndipo yalunjika ndi madipatimenti oyenera nthawi zambiri. Tsopano ma valavu a maagwa akhazikitsa mgwirizano mu mabizinesi apanyumba. Khalani ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi yopanga malonda; kuyamwa kwamapangidwe abwino kwambiri (kuphatikiza maluso odalirika); Kuyesedwa kwa mankhwala ndi kuyendera magwiridwe antchito kumachitika molingana ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse; Tengani njira zopangira zakunja ndikugwiritsa ntchito kufunikira pakufufuza ndikulimbikitsa zida zatsopano; Fotokozerani maluso aluso ndi zochitika za valavu yapamwamba kwambiri yolowera, etc. Kodi njira zoyendetsera ntchito yakomweko, zimalimbikitsa kusintha kwa valavu ya valavu, ndipo zindikirani bwino mavuvu. Ndi mathate othamanga obwezeretsanso makampani a valavu ya valavu, ogulitsa mtsogolo adzakhala mpikisano pakati pa zabwino za valavu komanso chitetezo chambiri. Zogulitsa zidzakula motsogozedwa ndiukadaulo wapamwamba, magawo akuluakulu, oponderezedwa olimba, komanso moyo wautali. Pokhapokha kudzera mu ukadaulo wopitilira, ndi kusintha kwaukadaulo kwatsopano, ndipo kusinthika kwaukadaulo kumatha kukhala ndiukadaulo pang'onopang'ono kuti mukwaniritse zida zapakhomo ndikuzindikira bwino mavavu. Pansi pa malo ovuta, valavu yanga yamphamvu yomwe imapanga kuti azipanga bwino.