Anthu nthawi zambiri amaganiza kutivalavuza chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndipo sizidzachita dzimbiri. Ngati zitatero, zingakhale vuto ndi chitsulocho. Izi ndi malingaliro olakwika okhudza kusamvetsetsa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chomwe chingathenso kuchita dzimbiri pazifukwa zina.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chili ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi okosijeni mumlengalenga—ndiko kuti, kukana dzimbiri, komanso imatha kuwononga zinthu zomwe zili ndi ma acid, alkali, ndi mchere.—kutanthauza kukana dzimbiri. Komabe, kukula kwa mphamvu yake yolimbana ndi dzimbiri kumasinthasintha ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala ka chitsulo chake, momwe chimatetezedwera, momwe chimagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso mtundu wa malo osungira zachilengedwe.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri chimagawidwa m'magulu awa:
Kawirikawiri, malinga ndi kapangidwe ka metallographic, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chamba wamba chimagawidwa m'magulu atatu: chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha ferritic, ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha martensitic. Kutengera ndi mapangidwe atatu oyambira a metallographic, pa zosowa ndi zolinga zinazake, zitsulo zokhala ndi magawo awiri, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zolimbitsa mvula ndi zitsulo zokhala ndi alloy yambiri zokhala ndi chitsulo chochepera 50% zimachokera.
1. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Austenitic.
Matrix imayang'aniridwa ndi kapangidwe ka austenite (CY phase) ka kapangidwe ka kristalo ka cubic komwe kali pakati pa nkhope, kosakhala ndi maginito, ndipo kamalimbikitsidwa makamaka ndi ntchito yozizira (ndipo ingayambitse mphamvu zina zamaginito). American Iron and Steel Institute imatchulidwa ndi manambala mu mndandanda wa 200 ndi 300, monga 304.
2. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Ferritic.
Matrix ndi Cholamulidwa ndi kapangidwe ka ferrite ((gawo) la kapangidwe ka kristalo ka cubic komwe kali pakati pa thupi, komwe kali ndi maginito ndipo nthawi zambiri sikungaumitsidwe ndi kutentha, koma kumatha kulimba pang'ono ndi ntchito yozizira. American Iron and Steel Institute ili ndi 430 ndi 446.
3. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Martensitic.
Matrix ndi kapangidwe ka martensitic (kiyubiki kapena kiyubiki yokhazikika pa thupi), yokhala ndi maginito, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amakaniko amatha kusinthidwa ndi chithandizo cha kutentha. American Iron and Steel Institute imatchulidwa ndi manambala 410, 420 ndi 440. Martensite ili ndi kapangidwe ka austenite pa kutentha kwakukulu, ndipo ikaziziritsidwa kutentha kwa chipinda pamlingo woyenera, kapangidwe ka austenite kamatha kusinthidwa kukhala martensite (mwachitsanzo, yolimba).
4. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Austenitic-ferritic (duplex).
Matrix ili ndi kapangidwe ka austenite ndi ferrite ka magawo awiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa matrix ya magawo ochepa nthawi zambiri kumakhala kopitilira 15%. Ndi ya maginito ndipo imatha kulimba chifukwa chogwira ntchito mozizira. 329 ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha duplex. Poyerekeza ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic, chitsulo cha magawo awiri chili ndi mphamvu zambiri, ndipo kukana dzimbiri la intergranular ndi chloride stress dzimbiri ndi dzimbiri la pitting kumawonjezeka kwambiri.
5. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cholimba ndi mvula.
Matrix ndi kapangidwe ka austenite kapena martensitic ndipo imatha kulimba chifukwa cha kuuma kwa mvula. American Iron and Steel Institute ili ndi nambala 600, monga 630, yomwe ndi 17-4PH.
Kawirikawiri, kuwonjezera pa alloys, kukana dzimbiri kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic ndikwabwino kwambiri. M'malo osawononga kwambiri, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha ferritic chingagwiritsidwe ntchito. M'malo osawononga pang'ono, ngati zinthuzo zikufunika kukhala ndi mphamvu kapena kuuma kwambiri, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha martensitic ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cholimba chingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Magiredi ndi katundu wa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chodziwika bwino
01 304 Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira
Ndi imodzi mwa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ndi yoyenera kupanga zida zokokedwa mozama komanso mapaipi a asidi, zotengera, zida zomangira, zida zosiyanasiyana, ndi zina zotero. Ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito popanga zida zopanda maginito, zotentha pang'ono komanso zina.
02 304L Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira
Pofuna kuthetsa vuto la chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic chomwe chimapezeka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa Cr23C6 komwe kumayambitsa dzimbiri pakati pa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 304 pansi pa mikhalidwe ina, kukana kwake dzimbiri pakati pa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kumakhala bwino kwambiri kuposa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 304. Kupatula mphamvu yocheperako pang'ono, zinthu zina ndizofanana ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 321. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazida ndi zida zomwe sizingakonzedwe pambuyo powotcherera, ndipo chingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zida zosiyanasiyana.
03 304H Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira
Nthambi yamkati ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 304 ili ndi gawo la carbon mass la 0.04%-0.10%, ndipo kutentha kwake kumakhala bwino kuposa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 304.
04 316 Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri
Kuonjezera molybdenum pamaziko a chitsulo cha 10Cr18Ni12 kumapangitsa chitsulocho kukhala ndi kukana bwino kuchepetsa dzimbiri lapakati ndi lozungulira. M'madzi a m'nyanja ndi m'njira zina zosiyanasiyana, kukana dzimbiri kuli bwino kuposa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 304, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazinthu zosagwirizana ndi dzenje.
05 316L Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira
Chitsulo cha kaboni chotsika kwambiri chimakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi dzimbiri la pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zolumikizidwa ndi zida zokhala ndi magawo okhuthala, monga zipangizo zosagwirizana ndi dzimbiri mu zida za petrochemical.
06 316H Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira
Nthambi yamkati ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 316 ili ndi gawo la carbon mass la 0.04%-0.10%, ndipo kutentha kwake kumakhala bwino kuposa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 316.
07 317 Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira
Kukana dzimbiri ndi kukana kukwera kwa nthaka kuli bwino kuposa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 316L, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri za petrochemical ndi organic acid.
08 321 Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic chokhazikika ndi titaniyamu, chomwe chimawonjezera titaniyamu kuti chikhale cholimba motsutsana ndi dzimbiri pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndipo chili ndi mphamvu zabwino zamakina zotentha kwambiri, chingalowe m'malo ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic chotsika kwambiri cha kaboni. Kupatula pazochitika zapadera monga kutentha kwambiri kapena kukana dzimbiri kwa haidrojeni, nthawi zambiri sichikulimbikitsidwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito.
09 347 Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic chokhazikika ndi Niobium, kuwonjezera niobium kuti chiwongolere kukana dzimbiri pakati pa granular, kukana dzimbiri mu asidi, alkali, mchere ndi zinthu zina zowononga ndi chimodzimodzi ndi 321 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, magwiridwe antchito abwino owotcherera, angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zinthu zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri komanso zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri. Chitsulo chotentha chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'magawo amagetsi ndi petrochemical, monga kupanga zotengera, mapaipi, zosinthira kutentha, mipata, machubu a ng'anjo m'mafakitale, ndi ma thermometer a chubu cha ng'anjo.
10 904L Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic chopangidwa ndi OUTOKUMPU ku Finland chili ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi dzimbiri mu ma asidi osapanga oxidizing monga sulfuric acid, acetic acid, formic acid ndi phosphoric acid, komanso chimalimbana ndi dzimbiri komanso kukana dzimbiri. Ndi yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito sulfuric acid yochepera madigiri 70.°C, ndipo imakhala ndi kukana dzimbiri bwino mu acetic acid ndi asidi wosakaniza wa formic acid ndi acetic acid pamlingo uliwonse ndi kutentha pansi pa kupanikizika kwabwinobwino.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 11 440C
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Martensitic chili ndi kuuma kwakukulu pakati pa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri komanso zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, ndipo kuuma kwake ndi HRC57. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ma nozzles, ma bearing,gulugufevalavu mitima,gulugufevalavu mipando, manja,valavu tsinde, ndi zina zotero.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 12 17-4PH
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cholimba cha Martensitic chomwe chili ndi kuuma kwa HRC44 chili ndi mphamvu zambiri, kuuma komanso kukana dzimbiri ndipo sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutentha kopitilira 300°C. Ili ndi kukana dzimbiri kwabwino mumlengalenga komanso asidi kapena mchere wochepetsedwa. Kukana kwake dzimbiri kuli kofanana ndi kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 304 ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 430. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nsanja zakunja kwa nyanja, masamba a turbine,gulugufevalavu (ma valve cores, mipando ya valve, manja, ma valve stems) wait.
In valavu Kapangidwe ndi kusankha, machitidwe osiyanasiyana, mndandanda, ndi mitundu ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri amakumana nawo. Posankha, vutoli liyenera kuganiziridwa kuchokera m'njira zosiyanasiyana monga njira yeniyeni yogwirira ntchito, kutentha, kupanikizika, ziwalo zopsinjika, dzimbiri, ndi mtengo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-20-2022
